汉语普通话中双焦点的产出及其感知  

Dual-focus production and perception in Putonghua

作　　者：王蓓[1] 刘璐[1] 张夏夏[1] Caroline Féry WANG Bei;LIU Lu;ZHANG Xiaxia;Caroline Fery(Minzu University of China Beijing 100081;Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60323)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081 [2]德国法兰克福大学,法兰克福60323

出　　处：《声学学报》2019年第1期1-11,共11页Acta Acustica

基　　金：中央民族大学"研究生培养工作坊"项目;国家社会科学基金项目(18BYY079)资助

摘　　要：以往的研究发现双焦点句中第一个焦点后往往缺少音高压缩。这一现象是否与两个焦点间的音节数有关?实验控制了焦点词的位置和句子长度两个因素,发现双焦点句中两个焦点既相互独立又相互依存.独立性表现为每个焦点有各自的实现范围,其音高升高和时长延长都和所对应的单焦点的条件接近;依存性表现为两个焦点可以在同一个语调短语内共存。第一个焦点后因为有了韵律短语边界而缺少音高压缩,而与两个焦点间的音节数没有直接关系。感知实验的结果显示:双焦点的辨认正确率显著低于句首单焦点。这主要因为同时判别两个焦点的难度比较高。如果只要求听音人关注第一个焦点,其辨认率明显提高,且与句首单焦点的判断正确率无显著差异。可见,在双焦点句中,句首和句末焦点的判断有不对称性。音高和时长的增加可以保证句首焦点的正确感知,但不能保证句末焦点的正确感知。总体来说,两个焦点中句首焦点在感知上有更高的突显度。Previous studies showed that in dual focus sentences, Post-Focus FO Compression(PFC) was absent after the first focus. Was it related to the number of syllables between the two foci? In the present experimental study,focus position and sentence length were controlled. The results showed that the two foci were independent as well as dependent on each other. They were independent because each focus had its own domain, and its FO rising and duration lengthening reached to the same degree as its single focus counterparts. They were dependent because the two foci could coexist in one intonation phrase. The lack of PFC after the first focus was due to the insertion of a prosodic phrase boundary, rather than to the number of syllables between the two foci. The perception experiments showed that the correct perception rate of dual focus was significantly lower than that of initial focus, probably because it was hard to detect two foci in one sentence. When the listeners were asked to only pay attention to the first focus, the correct perception rate was much higher, and it was similar to that of the initial focus counterpart. Therefore, we concluded that the perception of the two foci was asymmetric. The increase of FO and duration guaranteed correct perception of an initial focus, but not a final focus. In general, the first focus was perceptually more prominent in a dual focus sentence.

关 键 词：双焦点 汉语普通话 感知 韵律短语 不对称性 正确率 音高 依存性 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]