杨树雄性不育品种花粉发育过程的细胞学观察  

Cytological observation on pollen development of the male sterile poplar variety

作　　者：刘望舒 韩林芝 朱嵊 潘惠新 LIU Wangshu;HAN Linzhi;ZHU Cheng;PAN Huixin(College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Runyang Bridge Development Co.,Ltd.,Zhenjiang 212100,China;College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]江苏润扬大桥发展有限责任公司,江苏镇江212100 [3]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期198-203,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省科技项目现代农业项目(BE2016387);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20150879)

摘　　要：【目的】了解杨树小孢子败育的时期及影响小孢子败育的因素,为杨树雄性不育新品种选育提供科学依据。【方法】以杨树雄性不育品种‘泗杨1号’为材料,在光学显微镜下观察花粉粒细胞发育过程;在扫描电子显微镜下进行败育花粉粒的形态观察,并与可育品种‘南林3412’杨进行比较分析。【结果】显微镜下观测发现在四分体时期以后,即单核小孢子期,雄性不育品种‘泗杨1号’大部分小孢子发生异常,开始表现出败育性状。在花粉粒成熟期小孢子开始发生解体,小孢子败育。同时,用扫描电子显微镜观察仅有的少量花粉粒发现其异常变形,不同于正常花粉粒形态。【结论】‘泗杨1号’小孢子败育从单核小孢子时期开始,在花粉粒成熟期小孢子发生解体,小孢子败育。影响‘泗杨1号’小孢子败育主要原因是绒毡层细胞降解的延迟,影响小孢子发育营养物质的供给,导致小孢子发生败育;除此之外,花药室内的Ca2+浓度、花药内壁乌氏体的分布也有可能影响‘泗杨1号’小孢子的发育过程。【Objective】Understand the period of microspore abortion and the factors affecting microspore abortion in poplar varieties to provide the scientific basis for breeding new male sterile poplar varieties.【Method】This paper used the male sterile Poplulus×euramericana ’Siyang-1’aged 16 years as study material. In spring 2016,the flower branches were collected with water training at room temperature. Then,we regularly sampled and fixed the material to make paraffin sections, and observe the cellular development of pollen grains under an Olympus-bx51 optical microscope.Moreover,we observed the morphology of abortive pollen grains under a Quanta 200 scanning electron microscope and compared it with that of the male fertile variety’Nanlin 3412.’【Result】The microspore development of’Siyang-1’began to develop abnormality after the tetrad period. In the mononuclear microspore phase,only a few cells formed mononuclear microspores,which were in a highly vacuolated or disintegrated state. The volume of microspores was obviously increased,showing signs of abortion. At the mature stage of pollen grains,the microspores began to disintegrate and the microspores were aborted. Only a small number of cells developed into two-celled pollen grains bonded to the remaining tapetum,which accumulated and clung to the inner wall of the anthers. The anthers shrank and dried,and no pollen was scattered. At the same time,the pollen grain morphology of’Siyang-1’was observed with the Quanta 200 scanning electron microscope. It was found that the pollen grains were abnormal and deformed,which was different from that of the normal pollen grains.【Conclusion】The abortion of’Siyang-1’began in the mononuclear microspore stage,and disintegrated at the mature stage of pollen grains,resulting in microspore abortion. The main reason affecting the abortion of’Siyang-1’was the delayed degradation of tapetum cells,which influenced the supply of nutrients to microspore development,resulting in microspore abortion. In ad

关 键 词：'泗杨1号’杨 雄性不育 细胞学观察 小孢子败育 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q23[农业科学—林学]