2014年全国伤寒/副伤寒流行病学特征及西南5个省份空间聚类分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China and its spatial temporal clustering analysis in five provinces of China,2014

作　　者：阳波[1] 廖巧红[2] 阚飙[1] 闫梅英[1] Yang Bo;Liao Qiaohong;Kan Biao;Yan Meiying(State Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Division of Infectious Disease,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病控制处,北京102206

出　　处：《疾病监测》2018年第12期1009-1013,共5页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的分析2014年全国伤寒/副伤寒流行病学特征,探索西南5个省份疫情聚集区域。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对大疫情报告系统的2014年伤寒/副伤寒疾病信息进行统计分析,使用ArcGis 10.5软件绘制病例地理分布特征图,采用SaTScan时空聚类方法扫描分析云南、贵州、湖南、广西和广东5个省(自治区)的伤寒/副伤寒疫情的时空聚集性。结果 2014年我国共报告伤寒/副伤寒病例13 768例,总发病率为1.02/10万,与2013年相比,总发病率下降1.92%,无死亡病例,其中伤寒10 460例(75.97%),副伤寒3 308例(24.03%),发病数与2013年相比,伤寒降低了2.44%,副伤寒降低了3.10%;伤寒/副伤寒的发病高峰为6—9月,占全年病例数的46.23%;伤寒/副伤寒病例均以农民为主,其次为散居儿童和在校学生。西南5省(区)时空扫描分析显示,一类和二类聚集区主要分布在相邻省份的县(市、区)。结论我国伤寒/副伤寒发病率逐年降低,高发省份伤寒/副伤寒的防控不能放松,尤其是非监测点的疫情上升应引起重视,调查并探索危险因素,根据风险因素采取针对性的综合防控策略。高发省相邻省份之间病例聚集明显,可能存在跨地域传播。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China and its spatial temporal clustering in five provinces of China in 2014.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid collected from Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System in2014.ArcGis 10.5 was used to show the geographic distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid cases.SaTScan statistics was used to identify spatial and temporal clustering areas of typhoid and paratyphoid in Yunnan,Guizhou,Hunan,Guangxi and Guangdong provinces.Results A total of 13 768 typhoid and paratyphoid cases were reported without death in 2014,the overall incidence rate was 1.02/100 000,a decline of 1.92% compared with 2013.There were 10 460 typhoid cases(75.97%)and 3 308 paratyphoid cases(24.03%),a decline of 2.44% and 3.10% respectively compared with 2013.The peak of incidence was in summer(June-September),accounting for 46.23% of the annual cases.Most cases were farmers,followed by students and children outside child care settings.Spatial clustering analysis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in five provinces indicated the first and second class clustering areas were mainly distributed in bordering areas of these provinces.Conclusion The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased with year in China,but the prevention and control of typhoid and paratyphoid should not be neglected in provinces with high incidence.Close attention should be paid to the increased incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid and related factors in non-surveillance areas.It is necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures according to the risk factors identified.The case clustering was obvious in some neighboring provinces,suggesting the possible transmission across the province border.

关 键 词：伤寒 副伤寒 空间聚类分析 

分 类 号：R516.3[医药卫生—内科学]