三七黑斑病病原菌Alternaria alternata Keissl.生物学特性研究  

Biological Characteristics of Alternaria alternata Causing Dark Speckle Disease of Panax notoginseng

作　　者：杨婷 杨宽 何迟 王慧玲 王文鹏[1] 金鑫 朱书生[1] 朱有勇[1] 何霞红[1] YANG Ting;YANG Kuan;HE Chi;WANG Hui-ling;WANG Wen-peng;JIN Xin;ZHU Shu-sheng;ZHU You-yong;HE Xia-hong(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中药材》2018年第4期763-770,共8页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：克服三七连作障碍技术体系构建及应用(2016ZF001)

摘　　要：目的:分离和鉴定三七黑斑病病原菌,并对其生物学特性进行研究,为该病的防治提供理论依据。方法:结合形态学和分子鉴定的方法对病原菌进行鉴定,确定三七黑斑病的病原菌为Alternaria alternata Keissl.。根据致病性测定,选择强致病力菌株A和B用于生物学特性研究。结果:菌株A和B菌丝生长的温度范围为8～32℃,pH值范围为2～11,在燕麦培养基、有机氮作为氮源、12 h光暗交替等条件下生长最好,生长最适温度分别为25℃和28℃,最适pH分别为11和10,最适碳源分别为马铃薯淀粉和麦芽糖。菌株A产孢最适碳、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和硝酸铵,产孢最适培养基为燕麦培养基,最适温度为28℃,最适pH为11,12 h光暗交替更有利于孢子产生;菌株B几乎不产孢。1%葡萄糖溶液可促进菌株A分生孢子的萌发生长,孢子在25℃,相对湿度达93%,pH为4,光暗交替等条件下萌发率最高。结论:明确了三七黑斑病病原菌Alternaria alternata Keissl.的生物学特性,采用燕麦培养基,25～28℃,12 h光暗交替下培养有利病菌生长、产孢及其萌发,高湿度下分生孢子大量萌发。Objective:To isolate and identify pathogen causing dark speckle disease of Panax notoginseng,and to research the primary biological characteristics of the fungi to offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of this disease.Methods:The pathogens were identified by morphological and molecular methods,and identified as Alternaria alternata Keissl.The strong virulent strain A and B were selected for the biological characteristics research according to the pathogenicity test.Results:For strain A and B,the range of temperature for mycelium growth was 8~32 ℃,the range of pH was 2~11;oats medium,organic nitrogenas nitrogen source and the light alternative darkness of 12 h were good for mycelium growth.The optimum growth temperature for strain A and B was 25 ℃ and 28 ℃,the optimum pH was 11 and 10,the optimum carbon sources was potato starch and maltose,respectively.For strain A,the most spores were measured on oat medium and when soluble starch as carbon sources,ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources.The optimum sporulation temperature for strain A was 28 ℃,the optimum sporulation pH for strain A was 11,the light alternative darkness of 12 h was good for sporulation quantity.But the sporulation quantity for strain B was little or absolutely do not had on all above conditions.The germination of spores can be increased by 1% dextrose,the germination rate of spores was the highest on the condition of 25 ℃,relative humidity reached 93%,pH 4,the light alternative darkness.Conclusion:The biological characteristics of Alternaria alternata Keissl.causing dark speckle disease of Panax notoginseng are clarified.The condition is oats medium,with 25~28 ℃,the light alternative darkness is beneficial for its growth,sporulation and germination,and conidia germinate under high humidity.

关 键 词：三七 黑斑病 病原菌鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]