酥梨贮藏病害病原菌的分离鉴定及防治效果分析  

Isolation and Identification of Disease Pathogenic Bacteria of 'Suli' Pear in Storage Period and Analysis on the Prevention Effeciency

作　　者：牛佳佳[1] 左倩倩 梁慎[1] 徐振玉 郭献平[1] 张四普[1] NIU Jia-jia;ZUO Qian-qian;HANG Shen;XU Zhen-yu;GUO Xian-ping;ZHANG Si-pu(Horticulture Research Institute of Henan Agricultural Seienee Academy,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Agrieultural Bureau of Ningling County,Shangqiu 476700,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州450002 [3]宁陵县农业局,河南商丘476700

出　　处：《保鲜与加工》2018年第6期7-12,共6页Storage and Process

基　　金：河南省大宗水果产业技术体系(S2014-11-G04);河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2017ZC27;2018ZC27);河南省基础与前沿技术研究计划项目(162300410147)

摘　　要：为了解酥梨贮藏后期腐烂严重的病因,采用组织分离法对腐烂果实进行病原菌纯化分离,得到7种不同病原菌株。在PDA平板培养基上观察各菌株形态特征并在显微镜下观察菌丝和孢子形态。在健康梨果实上重新接种单菌株,观察其发病特征,并应用ITS通用引物对病原菌的基因组DNA进行扩增并测序,用MEGA 6.0软件构建其中6种不同病原菌系统发育树。结果表明:它们分别属于葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和扩展青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)。其中扩展青霉菌是生长最快和传染性较强的致病菌;选取4株致病性较强菌株侵染果实,然后使用不同浓度ClO2溶液处理,发现ClO2对各个菌株生长有明显的抑制作用;60 mg·L-1的ClO2能基本消除镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和扩展青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)对果实表面损伤的侵染。In order to find the cause of serious fruit rot in late storage period of ’Suli’pear. seven different strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from rotten fruits by tissue separation method. The strains colonial morphology and hypha and spores morphology were observed on PDA plate culture medium and by microscope, respectively. Single strain was reinoculated on the heathy pears to observe the disease traits. The genomic DNAs of pathogenic bacteria were amplified by PCR using ITS universal primers and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree of six pathogenic bacteria was constructed using MEGA 6.0 software. They were divided into Botryosphaeria,Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium expansum,and Penicillium expanseum was the fastest growing and highly infectious pathogen. Four pathogenic bacteria were selected to infect the heathy fruits, then the fruits were treated with different concentrations of ClO2. The result showed that ClO2 had obvious inhibition effect on the growth of the four pathogenic bacteria, The infection of Fusarium and Penicillium expansum on the wounded surface of the fruits was basically suppressed with 60 mg·L^-1 ClO2.

关 键 词：酥梨 贮藏 病原菌 鉴定 ITS CLO2 

分 类 号：S436.612.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]