我国生育成本分担的公平性研究——基于生育成本收益非均衡状态的分析  

The Fairness of Cost Sharing in Fertility: Based on the Non-balanced State of Cost and Benefit

作　　者：夏志强[1] 杨再苹 XIA Zhi-qiang;YANG Zai-ping(School of Public Administration,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《人口与发展》2019年第1期47-57,共11页Population and Development

摘　　要：家庭生育成本高企已经日益成为人们生育选择的重大障碍。运用经济学的基本理论框架分析了生育成本和收益的内容与结构,探讨生育成本收益在家庭、企业和社会之间的分布格局及其形成原因。目前我国生育成本分担普遍呈现非均衡状态:家庭、企业和政府之间,家庭承担了大量的生育成本;企业之间,雇佣女性职工的企业承担了较多的生育成本;家庭之间,选择生育的家庭比选择不生育的家庭承担更多生育成本。非均衡状态催生了众多社会问题,如低生育意愿以及人口老龄化、女性就业歧视等。通过劳动力供求模型提出了雇佣育龄女性劳动力的净成本概念,在劳动力市场的作用下,生育净成本是企业间生育成本非均衡状态的的根源。我国未来的生育保障制度需要促进生育成本的多元分担,促进成本分担的公平性。The high cost of fertility has increasingly become a major obstacle to people's birth.The article analyzed the distribution structure of fertility costs and benefits in family,enterprise and society.Studies have found that reproductive benefits are shared,but there exist several non-balanced states between the fertility costs sharing and benefit obtained in various social subjects:Non-balanced State among family,enterprise and government,and in this state family undertake a lot of reproductive costs;Non-balanced State among enterprises,the more employer hire female employees,the more enterprises bear the cost of fertility;Non-balanced State among families,which means family that choose to have children would assume more fertility costs than those choose not to;In family,Women take multiple reproductive costs.The existence of disequilibrium has spawned many social problems,such as discrimination against women,low fertility,etc.Through the labor demand-supply model,this paper puts forward the concept of net reproductive cost of childbearing age women employee.The net cost of childbearing is the ideal breeding ground:of discrimination against women.In the future,we should stop separating fertility costs from the fertility benefits,and optimize'the mechanism of cost sharing and promote the fairness of cost sharing.

关 键 词：生育成本 生育收益 生育成本分担 非均衡 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]