论专利权用尽规则区别适用理论  

On the Theories of Differential Application of the Patent Exhaustion Doctrine

作　　者：张晓 张莉[2] ZHANG Xiao;ZHANG Li(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100009;Hebei Vocational College of Politics and Law,Shijiazhuang 050061 China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100009 [2]河北政法职业学院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《河北法学》2019年第2期75-87,共13页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：学术界和实务界均有将专利权用尽规则区别适用于经专利权人同意而售出的专利相关产品的理论。在我国,主要有三种区别适用理论,一是根据商品与专利关系进行区别适用的理论,认为专利权用尽规则仅适用于专利商品和依据专利方法直接获得的商品,不适用于专用于实施专利方法的商品或专用于专利商品的零部件产品;二是根据是否有限制性条款进行区别适用的理论,认为专利权用尽规则仅适用于买卖双方在出售产品时没有约定使用限制的情形;三是根据产品销售的地域进行区别适用的理论,认为专利权用尽规则仅适用于在境内销售的商品。这三种理论各有其比较法依据,但并不符合权利用尽规则的立法目的,并且会造成市场活动的不确定性。我国应建立专利权用尽规则与专利侵权规则联动的机制,将专利权用尽规则与专利侵权规则挂钩。这既符合立法逻辑,也符合立法目的,并且给市场活动提供了应有的法律确定性,有利于促进商品经济发展。There are theories in academic and practical spheres under which the patent exhaustion doctrine shall be applied differntially to patent related products sold upon the patentee’ s authorization. In China,three such theories can be identified. The first is a theory of differential application according to the relationship between the sold product and patent,under which the patent exhaustion doctrine shall only be applied to patent products and products derived directly from a patent method and is not applicable to a product exclusively used for implementing a patent method or composing a patent product. The second theory bases its differentiation on whether a restrictive term exits at sale,and it asserts the patent exhaustion doctrine only applies when no such term was reached. The third theory differentiates according to where a product is sold,and only the patent to a domesticly sold product exhausts.Although such theories can be supported in comparative laws,they’ re inconsistent with the legislative intent of the exhaustion doctrine,and will bring uncertainty to market actrivities. It’ s proposed China establisheds a linkage between the exhaustion doctrine and the infringement rules. Anchoring the former with the latter will not only satisfy the legislative logic and intent,but also bring legal certainty to the market which in turn facilitate the commodity economy.

关 键 词：专利权用尽 默示许可 区别适用理论 限制性条款 平行进口 

分 类 号：DF523.2[政治法律—民商法学]