不同能量水平日粮对2～3胎淘汰荷斯坦母牛育肥性能的影响  

Influence of different dietary energy levels on fattening performance in 2-3parity culling Holstein cows

作　　者：岳康宁 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] 吴磊 于春起 王美美[1] 李妍[3] 高艳霞[1] 李建国[1] YUE Kangning;LI Qiufeng;CAO Yufeng;WU Lei;YU Chunqi;WANG Meimei;LI Yan;GAO Yanxia;LI Jianguo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Fucheng Wufeng Food Limited Company,Sanhe 065200,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071001 [2]福成五丰食品有限公司,河北三河065200 [3]河北农业大学动物医学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2019年第1期29-34,共6页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-37);河北省现代产业技术体系肉牛创新团队(HBCT2018130202)

摘　　要：为了探究不同能量水平日粮对2～3胎淘汰荷斯坦母牛生长性能、血液指标及屠宰性能的影响,选取24头体型相近、平均体重540 kg的淘汰荷斯坦母牛(2～3胎),采用单因子完全随机试验设计均分为3组,每组8头,分别为Ⅰ组(低能量组)、Ⅱ组(中能量组)和Ⅲ组(高能量组)。试验分为前期和后期2个阶段,整个试验期共100 d。结果:Ⅱ组的日增重最高,较Ⅰ、Ⅲ组分别提高4. 72%和20. 91%(P>0. 05);Ⅱ组的干物质采食量最高(P>0. 05),料重比最低(P<0. 01)。提高日粮能量水平可显著提高血清胆固醇的含量,显著降低β-羟丁酸的含量。Ⅲ组牛的屠宰率最高,较Ⅰ组提高4. 83%(P<0. 05),较Ⅱ组提高2. 58%(P>0. 05);提高日粮能量水平能够促进2～3胎淘汰荷斯坦母牛的脂肪沉积,改善肉品质。综合结果表明:Ⅱ组(中能组)的饲喂效果最好。因此,对540 kg左右的淘汰荷斯坦母牛(2～3胎)育肥时,营养水平建议值为前期:综合净能7. 00 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质为12. 5%;后期:综合净能7. 1 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质为12%。To investigate the effects of different energy levels on the growth performance,blood indexes and slaughtering performance of the culling Holstein cows ( 2 ~ 3 parities),twenty-four Holstein cows with an average body weight of 540 kg were selected for the experiment.With the single factor method,the culling Holstein cows ( 2 ~ 3 parities) were randomly divided into three groups,8 cows in each group:Group Ⅰ ( low energy level),Group Ⅱ ( medium energy level) and Group Ⅲ ( high energy level). The experiment lasted for 100 days involving two stages. The results were as follows: The average daily gain of Group Ⅱ was the highest,which was 4. 72% ( P > 0. 05) and 20. 91% ( P>0. 05) higher than Groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ,respectively. Group Ⅱ had the highest average dry matter intake ( P>0. 05) but the lowest F/G matter intake ( P<0. 01) of all. The increase of dietary energy levels significantly increased the content of cholesterol in serum,and reduced the content of Beta-hydroxybutyric acid. The slaughter rate of Group Ⅲ was the highest,being 4. 83% ( P<0. 05) and 2. 58% ( P>0. 05) higher than Groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ,respectively. Increasing dietary energy levels promoted fat deposition and improved the meat quality,of culling Holstein cows ( 2 ~ 3 parity). In conclusion: the feeding effect of Group Ⅱ ( medium energy level) was the best. The recommended nutrition for the culling Holstein cows ( 2 ~ 3 parity) with weight of about 540 kg was: in the earlier stage,combined net energy 7. 00 MJ/kg and crude protein 12. 50%;in the later stage,combined net energy 7. 10 MJ/kg and crude protein 12. 00%.

关 键 词：2~3胎淘汰荷斯坦母牛 能量 生长性能 血液指标 屠宰性能 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]