不同蛋白质水平日粮对中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、氮消化和血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of different crude protein levels in diet on milk production performance,nitrogen digestion and biochemical indexes of blood in Holstein cows

作　　者：程光民 陈凤梅 伏桂华 徐相亭 胡士林 刘建胜 CHENG Guangmin;CHEN Fengmei;FU Guihua;XU Xiangting;HU Shilin;LIU Jiansheng(Shandong Vocational College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Weifang 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东畜牧兽医职业学院,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2019年第1期35-39,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：山东省高等学校科技发展计划(J14LF54)

摘　　要：旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳尿素氮(MUN)、氮(N)消化及血液尿素氮(BUN)的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,16头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮能量相近,CP水平分别为12. 72%、13. 52%、14. 43%和15. 37%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期15 d,后5 d为样品收集期。奶样收集3 d,同时收集粪便,每期最后1 d晨饲前空腹采集血样。每天测量产奶量和干物质摄入量。结果:不同蛋白水平日粮奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量组间差异不明显(P>0. 05),除了MUN随着饲粮CP水平的增加呈现增加趋势以外,其他乳成分影响不显著(P>0. 05),高蛋白质水平组MUN明显高于低蛋白组(P<0. 05)。随着饲粮CP水平的提高,氮的摄入量明显增加(P<0. 05),同时N的排泄量和消化率也不断增加,但组间无显著差异(P>0. 05)。BUN和MUN变化趋势基本一致,高蛋白质组的BUN明显高于低蛋白质组(P<0. 05),而对其他血液指标的影响不显著(P>0. 05)。在本试验条件下,不同蛋白质水平日粮能够影响中国荷斯坦奶牛MUN、BUN的变化,且两者变化趋势一致,而对产奶量、N消化率影响不明显,MUN可以代替BUN成为检测奶牛蛋白质营养状况的指标之一。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level on milk urea nitrogen ( MUN),nitrogen digestion and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design and the crude protein levels of the four diets were 12. 72%,13. 52%,14. 43% and 15. 37% respectively. Each lactating cow underwent four experimental periods and each period had a 10 adaptation,followed by a 5 day period of total fecal and milk collection. Milk yield,milk composition and dry matter intake ( DMI) of the cows were measured in the last 5 day period. Blood samples were taken in the last day of the sample collection period. The results showed that there was no significant difference between DMI and milk yield in the four treatment groups ( P>0. 05),but the MUN increased with higher dietary CP levels. Furthermore,the MUN of the high protein level group was significantly higher than the low protein group ( P<0. 05). With the increase of dietary CP level,the intake of nitrogen,fecal nitrogen and the digestibility of nitrogen increased,too ( P< 0. 05). The BUN in the high protein group was higher than that in the low protein group ( P<0. 05),which was consistent with the change in MUN. In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,different protein levels influenced the changes in MUN and BUN but had no effect on milk yield and nitrogen digestion;and MUN might replace BUN as an indicator in detecting the protein nutrition status in dairy cows.

关 键 词：粗蛋白质 MUN BUN 奶牛 产奶性能 N消化 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]