减慢呼吸频率对正常青年人心率变异和血压变异的影响  

The Effects of Controlled Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure Variability in Healthy Young Subjects

作　　者：李长军 赵俭[2] 张佳 常清华 刘仁光 柴文戍 沈仲元[4] LI Changjun;ZHAO Jian;ZHANG Jia;CHANG Qinghua;LIU Renguang;CHAI Wenshu;SHEN Zhongyuan(Department of Respiration Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou (121000), Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学附属第一医院呼吸科,辽宁省锦州市121000 [2]中国人民解放军第二0五医院呼吸肿瘤科 [3]锦州医科大学附属第一医院心血管病研究所,辽宁省锦州市121000 [4]上海中医药大学气功研究所

出　　处：《中国循环杂志》2019年第1期90-95,共6页Chinese Circulation Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81072853)

摘　　要：目的:观察减慢呼吸频率对正常青年人心率变异和血压变异的影响。方法:选择2017年5月至2017年10月锦州医科大学经入学体检健康的60例在读硕士研究生。在预先录制好的录音带放音指导下进行16次/min、12次/min、8次/min的均匀呼吸调节,用生理记录仪同步记录呼吸、心电、血压波形。观察呼吸运动对RR间期(RRI)及血压的影响;减慢呼吸频率对RRI、血压波动幅度、呼吸峰、心率和心率变异、血压变异高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、LF/HF的影响,并校正减慢呼吸频率对呼吸峰移位的影响。结果:(1)RRI、血压波动周期与呼吸周期呈同步周期性变化。(2)在各呼吸频率时,心率变异及血压变异的呼吸峰(中心频率)均与呼吸功率谱密度呼吸峰(中心频率)在同一频段。16次/min位于高频段,12次/min移至低频与高频交界处,8次/min移至低频段。(3)常规心率变异、血压变异频谱分析:随呼吸频率减慢,12次/min心率变异的LF、HF增大(P<0.05),LF/HF减小(P<0.05),血压变异的LF、HF增大(P<0.05);8次/min时心率变异和血压变异的LF、LF/HF增大(P<0.05)、HF减小(P<0.05)。(4)校正呼吸峰移位影响后呼吸频率对心率变异及血压变异频谱成分影响:与呼吸频率16次/min相比,随着呼吸频率减慢,心率变异和血压变异的HF增大,LF(心率变异8次/min)、LF/HF(除外血压变异12次/min)减小,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:减慢呼吸频率可使呼吸峰左移,校正减慢呼吸频率对呼吸峰移位的影响后,减慢呼吸频率可使心率变异、血压变异的HF增大,LF/HF(除外血压变异12次/min)、心率变异LF减小,提示减慢呼吸频率可增加迷走神经兴奋,有助交感-迷走平衡移向迷走神经。Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of controlled slow breathing on heart rate variability(HRV) and blood pressure variability(BPV) in healthy young subjects.Methods: The study population consisted of 60 healthy postgraduate students, who began their study from May 2017 to October 2017 in Jinzhou Medical University, participants underwent three periods of controlled breathing at 8, 12 and 16 breaths/min. ECG(RR), respiratory and blood pressure signal were continuously and simultaneously recorded. In our study, the influence of the respiration on RRI(RR interval) and BP were observed. Simultaneously, we studied the effects of slow breathing rate on RRI, amplitude of blood pressure oscillation, High-frequency(HF) power, low-frequency(LF) power and LF/HF of HRV and BPV. Then we also corrected the effects of slow breathing rate on respiratory peak shifts. Results: RRI and BP cyclical change coincided with the respiratory cycle. As breathing rate reduced, amplitude of RRI and blood pressure oscillation increased, heart rate slowed(P<0.05), respiratory peak shifted towards leftwards(P<0.05). Compared to 16 breaths/min, routine spectral analysis showed increased LF and HF(P<0.05) power, deceased LF/HF(P<0.05) of HRV, increased LF, HF power(P<0.05)and LF/HF of BPV during breathing at 12 breaths/min. Increased LF power(P<0.05) and LF/HF(P<0.05), deceased HF power(P<0.05) of HRV and BPV were noticed during breathing at 8 breaths/min. As the respiratory frequency decreased, corrected spectral analysis showed increased HF power, deceased LF power and LF/HF(Significant respiratory rate effects were found in HF power, LF/HF of HRV and BPV in case of 8, 12 breaths/min and LF power of HRV in case of 8 breaths/min, P<0.05). Conclusions: Reductions of respiration rate shifted the respiratory peak leftwards. Corrected spectral analysis demonstrated that slow respiration resulted in increase in HF power and decease in LF power and LF/HF. These results demonstrated that controlled slow breathing is

关 键 词：呼吸频率 心率变异 血压 血压变异 自主神经系统 频谱分析 

分 类 号：R541.4[医药卫生—心血管疾病]