新自由主义经济学为何如此迷恋市场:奥地利学派的分析思维批判  

Why Is Neo-liberalism Economics So Superstitious in the Market: A Critique to the Analytical Thinking of Austria School

作　　者：朱富强[1] Zhu Fuqiang(Lingnan College,Sun Yat -Sen University,Guangzhou;Economic School,Henan University,Kaifeng)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2019年第1期137-147,共11页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金专项课题"新时代激发和保护企业家精神的关键机制与践行对策研究"(项目编号:18VJ085)

摘　　要：新自由主义经济学极力推崇自由市场机制,其中,新古典经济学构建了逻辑化的市场来为市场出清辩护,奥地利学派则将自由市场与企业家才能发挥结合在一起,而这成为当前市场原教旨主义的主要理论基础。然而,奥地利学派的分析逻辑却存在严重局限:(1)在市场主体的"异质"内涵的设定上,仅仅关注自然性差异,而忽视了更为重要的社会性差异;(2)在市场主体的行为逻辑的理解上,将自然性差异嵌入在理性分析框架中,从而忽视了社会性差异带来的权力因素对理性的侵蚀;(3)在企业家精神的内涵认知上,主要从警觉性而非创造性来定义企业家精神,进而理想化了市场机制的协调作用和企业家的逐利行为;(4)在社会大众的能力认知上,承袭了新古典经济学的理性经济人分析框架,从而忽视了有限理性的市场主体往往会被错误的信息以及强烈的诱惑所误导;(5)最终,在分析思维和范式上,克服了新古典经济学根基于科学主义认知观的"科学不思",却又陷入了根植于神秘主义认知观的"科学不思"。Neo -liberalism economics,including neo -classical economics and Austrian school,strongly advocates the free market.Neo -classical economics constructs a logical market to justify the market,while Austrian school combines the free market with the application of entrepreneurs,which is the main theoretical basis of market fundamentalism.However,there are some serious limitations in the analytical logic of Austria school as follows.(1 )As for setting the connotation of "heterogeneousness"of market entities,it only pays attention to natural differences,as to ignore the more important social differences.(2)As for understanding the behavior logic of market entities,it makes natural differences embedded in the rational analysis framework,as to ignore the erosion on rationality from power factors brought by social differences.(3)As for cognizing the connotation of entrepreneurs,it defines entrepreneurship mainly by awareness rather than creativity,as to idealize the coordination of the market and the profit -seeking behavior of entrepreneurs.(4)As for cognizing the capability of the general public,it inherits the rational economic -man analysis framework of the neo -classical economics,as to ignore that limited rational market entities tend to be misguided by false information and strong temptations.(5)As for analyzing the thinking and paradigm,it overcomes the scientific ignorance of neo -classical economics based on the view of scientism,but falls into another scientific ignorance rooted in the view of mysticism.

关 键 词：新自由主义 奥地利学派 企业家 异质性市场主体 权力因素 

分 类 号：F03[经济管理—政治经济学]