马克思主义的国家起源观及其重大意义  

Marxism's View of the Origin of States and Its Great Significance

作　　者：陈刚[1,2] Chen Gang(Wuhan University,Wuhan)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]武汉大学政治学系

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2019年第1期148-155,共8页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

摘　　要：国家的起源是各学科学者都极为关注的一个重要问题,而在此问题上产生了各种错误观点,如自然发生论、神创论、绝对精神演化论、社会契约论等。与之不同,恩格斯以唯物史观为指导,借鉴人类学的研究成果,科学回答了国家是如何产生的。国家的产生有其一般规律,它是社会分工发展、私有制出现、阶级分化及由此导致的阶级矛盾不可调和的产物,同时国家产生的形式又具有多样性。文章指出,马克思主义的国家起源观有其重大意义:它使历史唯物论成为真正适用于整个人类社会发展过程的科学原理;科学揭示了人类社会的政治秩序是如何生成的及其本质是什么;指出了国家区别于氏族组织的两个基本特征,即按地区划分居民和特殊公共权力的设立;还特别强调了人类自身生产在原始社会发展过程中的重要性。The origin of states is an important issue of great concern to scholars from various disciplines.There are various wrong viewpoints on this issue,such as natural occurrence theory,creationism theory,absolute spiritual evolution theory,and social contract theory.In contrast,Engels scientifically answered how states came into being under the guidance of historical materialism and the research results of anthropology.The emergence of states has its general rules.They are the products of the development of social division of labor,the emergence of private ownership,class differentiation and the irreconcilable class contradictions resuiting therefrom.At the same time,the form of the emergence of states is diverse.The article points out that Marxism's view of the origin of states is of great significance:it makes historical materialism a scientific principle that is truly applicable to the whole process of human society's development;it scientifically reveals how the political order of human society is formed and what its essence is;it points out the two basic characteristics of the state different from clan organizations,that is,the division of residents by region and the establishment of special public power;it also places special emphasis on the importance of human beings'own producti.on in the development of primitive society.

关 键 词：马克思主义 唯物史观 国家起源 恩格斯 重大意义 

分 类 号：D031[政治法律—政治学]