战斗应激反应的研究进展及展望  

Current progress and future perspective in combat stress reactions

作　　者：冯正直[1] 王佳[1] FENG Zhengzhi;WANG Jia(Faculty of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系,重庆400038

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2019年第4期275-281,共7页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：2016全军后勤科研重点课题分题(BWS16J012);中央军委科技委创新课题(17-163-12-ZT-001-144);第三军医大学人文社科基金项目(2016XRW04)~~

摘　　要：参战人员在战场环境,无论完成什么样的任务,都要出现不同程度的战斗应激反应(combat stress reactions,CSR)。战斗应激反应有积极正向的作用,即促进参战人员儿茶酚胺激增、能量释放、警觉性提升、反应快速、记忆和学习加强,提高军事作业水平和作战能力,称为适应性战斗应激反应;当然重要的是消极负向的作用,参战人员表现出惊恐、视野狭窄与听觉排斥,直接导致非战斗、战斗减员的“显性危害”,也间接引起参战人员判断决策失误和技战术水平下降的“隐形危害”,最终引起战斗的失利甚至整个战争的失败,称为非适应性战斗应激反应(常常被学界简称为战斗应激反应)。Soldiers in the combat field may demonstrate such non-adaptive reactions as panic disorder,narrow visual field and hearing disturbance,which potentially cause non-combat attrition and compromise the high-level cognitive functions( reasoning,judgment and decision-making).These non-adaptive reactions,known collectively as combat stress reactions( CSR),can be categorized into different subtypes based on the severity and types of the symptoms.The protective factors against CSR include social support,positive copping style,self-efficacy,strong team leadership and group cohesion,which all help to reduce the impact of stress events.The threat of death,harsh environment and poor health condition are the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of CSR.Studies of CSR in a neurological perspective revealed that in the event of CSR,catecholamine release might promote the levels of alertness and excitability of an individual to enhance the combat efficacy;excessive alertness in this scenario,however,may cause overestimation of the risk information.Meanwhile, the interaction between the activated amygdala and the prefrontal cortex interferes with the execution control functions,leading to possible irrational behaviors.Long-term stress may even change the brain structure and potentially cause post-trauma stress disorder( PTSD).Based on these observations, military psychologists proposed several intervention principles for CSR, including PIE,IMPRESS and BICEPS.These principles point to the importance of simple and quick handling of CSR with necessary physical,emotional and social support to help the soldiers regain combat abilities soon.The specific measures of CSR control include battle mind debriefing,trauma risk management,eye movement desensitization and reprocessing,and ego-state therapy.Future studies of CSR will focus on developing quick evaluation tools and standards and accurate prediction of CSR occurrence;reinforcement of combat-oriented simulation training and establishment of systemic strategies of countermeas

关 键 词：军事心理学 战斗应激反应 影响因素 心理干预 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学] R82[医药卫生—医学心理学]