2017年北京市海淀区诺如病毒感染聚集性疫情流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of clustered epidemic situation of norovirus infection in Haidian District of Beijing in 2017

作　　者：郭黎[1] 华伟玉[1] 邢彦[1] 刘锋[1] 邵云平[1] 陈春枝 赵燕航 金丽娜 韦懿芸[1] 焦扬[1] 钱丽芳 梁金博 何斌[1] 杜申军 GUO Li;HUA Wei-yu;XING Yan;LIU Feng;SHAO Yun-ping;CHEN Chun-zhi;ZHAO Yan-hang;JIN Li-na;WEl Yi-yun;JIAO Yang;QIAN Li-fang;LIANG Jin-bo;HE Bin;DU Shen-jun(Department of Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Handian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing, 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制科,北京100094

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第2期207-212,217,共7页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对2017年北京市海淀区67起诺如病毒聚集性疫情的流行病学特征描述和分析,找出潜在的危害因素,为切实有效预防疫情的发生和蔓延提供参考依据。方法采取现场流行病学方法和描述分析方法,对疫情发生单位和疑似病例个案进行详细的调查,并进行统计学分析。结果 67起疫情中聚集性疫情57起,暴发疫情10起;67起疫情中诺如病毒GⅡ型65起,GⅠ和GⅡ混合感染型2起;报告疑似病例992例,波及人数5 701人,罹患率波动范围为4.1%～73.33%,平均罹患率为17.40%,2～6、7～12、13～18和19～60岁4个年龄组的呕吐、腹泻、恶心、腹痛和发热的症状比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2_(呕吐)=38.309,χ~2_(腹泻)=114.051,χ~2_(恶心)=55.445,χ~2_(腹痛)=106.129,χ~2_(发热)=10.253;均P<0.05);采集标本755件,检出阳性标本457件,检出率60.53%,不同类型的标本阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=234.271,P<0.01)。结论作为诺如病毒感染疫情高发的中小学校和托幼机构,防控工作至关重要,在日常传染病防控中,一定要加强疑似病例的早期发现,及时隔离,防止疫情的蔓延;规范消毒,有效阻止病毒的快速传播;加强宣传教育,提高整体防病意识。[Objective] Through the description and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of 67 norovirus clustered epidemic situation in Haidian District of Beijing in 2017,to find the potential hazard factors,and provid a reference basis for effectively preventing the occurrence and spread of the epidemic situation.[Methods]The units occurred the epidemic situation and suspected cases were investigated in detail and analyzed by field epidemiological methods and descriptive analysis method.[Results]Among 67 epidemic situation,57 were aggregated and 10 were outbreaks. 65 were Norovirus type GII and 2 were mixed infection of type GI and GII. 992 suspected cases were reported,involving 5 701 people. The attack rate ranged from 4.1%to 73.33%,and the average was 17.40%. The differences of symptoms of vomiting,diarrhea,nausea,abdominal pain and fever in 2-6,7-12,13-18 and 19-60 age groups were statistically significant(χ^2vomiting=38.309,χ^2diarrhea=114.051,χ^2nausea=55.445,χ^2abdominal pain=106.129,χ2fever=10.253,all P<0.05). 755 specimens were collected,and 457 specimens were positive,and the detection rate was 60.53%. The difference of positive rate of different types of specimens was statistically significant( χ^2= 234.271,P<0.01).[Conclusion]As the high incidence units of norovirus infection,the prevention and control work in primary and middle schools and kindergartens is crucial. In the routine prevention and control of infectious diseases,It’s necessary to strengthen the early detection of suspected cases and timely isolation to prevent the spread of the epidemic situation,standardize disinfection to effectively prevent the rapid spread of the virus,and strengthen publicity and education to improve the overall awareness of disease prevention.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 疫情分析 防控措施 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]