基于最短路径的平面毛坯尺寸基准确定的新方法  

A New Method for Determining the Dimension Datum of Plane Blanks Based on Shortest Path

作　　者：王晓慧[1,2] 宋方杰[1,2] 霍国军 王友利 WANG Xiaohui;SONG Fangjie;HUO Guojun;WANG Youli(The Coordinative Innovation Center of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Equipment,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024;School of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学太原重型机械装备协同创新中心,太原030024 [2]太原科技大学机械工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2019年第1期172-179,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51575373;51175360);山西省1331工程重点学科建设计划经费资助项目

摘　　要：目前毛坯尺寸基准的确定忽略了其具体的机械加工过程,均采用零件图的基准,即毛坯的各个尺寸都是在零件图对应尺寸上加减总余量而生成,这已成为一种经典的设计方法,但该方法显然没有按照毛坯尺寸影响加工过程的规律来确定其基准,将会导致较多的毛坯尺寸误差累计到加工过程而产生不利的影响。基于尺寸路径图原理阐述毛坯尺寸及其基准的特点,以毛坯尺寸误差对加工过程中精度影响最小为目标,给出确定毛坯尺寸基准的原则,重点研究平面毛坯尺寸基准确定的方法。首先将工件在平面内组合定位时的3个基准抽象成一个矢量,称基准矢量,针对粗基准矢量常常不在毛坯几何要素的交点上等问题,提出基准就近准则,总结归纳出平面毛坯尺寸基准确定的一般方法。通过箱体等零件加工的实例分析计算,验证了采用新方法确定各个毛坯尺寸基准,对于减小加工余量及提高零件尺寸精度是一种有效的方法。The determination of blank dimension datum ignores its specific machining process and uses the datum of parts drawing,that is the dimension of blank is generated in the dimension of the part corresponding modified total allowance,which seems to become a classical design method.But the method don’t determine its datum unclearly according with the discipline of the blank size affecting the process,which will lead to a negative impact that more blank dimension error will accumulated to the process.Based on the rule of dimension path,the characteristics of blank dimension and its reference are explained.Aiming at the minimum effect of blank size error on machining process accuracy,the principle of determining the blank dimension datum is given to determine the method of confirming plane blank datum.Firstly,the three datums where the workpiece combined in the plane are abstracted into a vector,and the datum vector is often used.In view of the problem that the rough datum vector is often not in the geometric elements of the blank.Then the principle of proximity put forward to sum up the method of determining the dimension datum of plane blanks.Through the case analysis and calculation of the box and other parts,it is proved that the new method is an effective method for determining the blank dimension reference and reducing the machining allowance and improving the dimensional accuracy of parts.

关 键 词：尺寸路径图 基准矢量 基准就近准则 平面毛坯尺寸基准 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]