二战期间日本研制核武器计划与对华铀矿的调查和开采  

Nuclear Weapons Development Program of Japan as well as Investigation and Exploitation of Uranium Ores towards China during World War Ⅱ

作　　者：乔林生 Qiao Linsheng

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心、南开大学日本研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2018年第4期17-26,116,共11页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“一战后日本的‘转向’与对外战略误判研究”(编号:17JJD770010);国家社科基金项目“日本潜在核武装研究”(编号:15BJG006);国家社科基金重大项目“新编日本史”(编号:13&ZD106)

摘　　要：第二次世界大战期间日本是世界上唯一遭受原子弹轰炸的国家,然而也是最早着手研制核武器的国家之一。随着太平洋战争局势的逆转,在首相东条英机等的命令下,日本陆海军分别秘密展开了核武器研制计划,即"仁研究"和"F研究"。为了获得研制原子弹所必需的稀有资源铀矿,日本军队、政府、研究机构、公司和大学,在对殖民地中国的铀矿进行广泛调查之后,将辽宁省海城作为重点地区,大规模征用当地劳工,进行了野蛮式开采,并用轰炸机将采集的铀矿紧急运回日本本土用于研制核武器。因此,二战期间日本研制核武器计划,既是一个军事研究计划,也是一个殖民奴役与资源掠夺计划,带有明显的"军事性""殖民性"和"侵略性"特征。During World War Ⅱ,Japan was the only country which suffered atomic bombing,and it was also one of the earliest countries to develop nuclear weapons in the word.As the situation of the Pacific War was reversed,Japanese army and navy carried outnuclear weapons development programs respectively under the orders of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and others,namely,"ni Project"and"F Project".In order to obtain the rare uranium resources necessary for the development of atomic bombs,Japanese military,government,research institutions,companies and universities took Haicheng,Liaoning Province,as a key area after conducting extensive uranium ore investigations in colonial China,commandeered local laborers on a large scale,carried out brutal mining,and transported uranium ores back to Japan by fighter jets urgently to support the development of nuclear weapons.Therefore,it can be said that Japan’s nuclear weapons development program during World War II was not only a military research program but also a colonial enslavement and resource plundering plan with obvious characteristics of"military","colonization",and"aggression".

关 键 词：日本 核武器研制计划 铀矿调查 征用劳工 

分 类 号：E313[军事—军事理论]