财政补贴、扭曲竞争与汽车产业产能过剩  

Fiscal Subsidies, Distorting Competition and Overcapacity in the Automobile Industry

作　　者：欧阳铭珂[1] 张亚斌[1] Ouyang Mingke;Zhang Yabin

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《财政研究》2018年第12期84-96,113,共14页Public Finance Research

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目"中国与韩国汽车产业国际竞争力比较研究"(11YBB222)

摘　　要：本文基于宏微观机制联动作用的逻辑思路,从财政补贴视角对我国汽车产业产能过剩的诱因进行了理论分析和模型演绎。研究表明:较高的市场进入和退出壁垒是我国汽车产业的显著特征,也是汽车产业寡头垄断竞争模式的成因。宏微观机制联动作用是财政补贴引致汽车产业产能过剩的逻辑链条。宏观方面,直接性和间接性的财政补贴引致汽车企业的过度产能投资,而同行的"跟进"策略使之演化为扭曲的产能竞争;微观方面,扭曲竞争使得汽车企业无法对同行产量决策做出合理判断,汽车企业为规避生产潜力可能存在的不足积极加强产能投资,进而导致偏离产量均衡状态的产能过剩。基于此,本文提出了"基于技术创新目标导向构建财政补贴机制"、"基于政府和市场双重视角构建汽车产业进出机制"的相关建议。Based on the logical thinking of macro-micro mechanism linkage,this paper makes a theoretical analysis and model deduction on the incentives of overcapacity of China's automobile industry from the perspective of fiscal subsidies.The research shows that the higher barriers to entry and exit of the automobile market are the prominent characteristics of China's automobile industry,and also the cause of the oligopoly competition model of the automobile industry.The linkage of macro-micro mechanism is the logical chain that the fiscal subsidies cause the overcapacity of the automobile industry.Macroscopically,direct and indirect fiscal subsidies lead to excessive capacity investment of automobile enterprises,while peer-to-peer follow-up strategy makes it evolve into distorted capacity competition;microscopically,distorting competition makes automobile enterprises unable to make reasonable judgments on the output decisions of their peers.In order to avoid the potential shortcomings of production,automobile enterprises actively strengthen capacity investment,which leads to excessive capacity deviating from the equilibrium state of output.Based on this,this paper puts forward the relevant suggestions for establishing technology innovation-oriented fiscal subsidy policies and construction of automobile industry entry and exit mechanism based on the dual perspective of government and market.

关 键 词：财政补贴 扭曲竞争 产能过剩 寡头垄断结构 汽车产业 

分 类 号：F812.0[经济管理—财政学]