2017年自贡市噪声职业岗前听力测试结果分析  

Analysis of Test Results of Noise Job in Zigong City in 2017

作　　者：李科 许寒[1] 袁宗智 方红英[1] 骆琪 LI Ke;XU Han;YUAN Zongzhi;FANG Hongying;LUO Qi(Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zigong 643000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2019年第1期29-32,共4页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的了解自贡市噪声作业人员上岗前职业禁忌证状况。方法根据《职业健康监护技术规范》GBZ188-2014,收集2017年自贡市噪声作业人员上岗前噪声纯音听力测试结果,应用SPSS 18. 0软件对数据进行统计分析,构成比和率的比较采用χ~2检验。结果共有472名作业人员进行噪声职业岗前体检,听力异常者104名,听力异常检出率为20. 03%;禁忌证检出率为15. 25%,占受检者听力损伤人数的69. 23%,以男性41～50岁年龄组禁忌证检出率最高(30. 11%)。双耳高频平均听力损失检出率(19. 28%)高于语频听力损失检出率(11. 02%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=24. 14,P<0. 01)。不同性别异常听力检出率与禁忌证检出率差异均无统计学意义。结论自贡市噪声作业人员高频听力损失检出率、禁忌证检出率均较高。应加大对私营小企业的监管,针对隐性职业病农民工群体开展职业健康宣传教育,提高个人保护意识,从源头上减少职业性噪声聋的发生。上岗前纯音听力测试能及时筛查出职业禁忌证,对早期发现听力损伤、降低职业危害具有重要意义。Objective To understand the pre -work status of noise job occupational contraindication of workers in Zigong city.Methods According to Technical Specification for Occupational Health Monitoring GBZ188 - 2014,the pure tone hearing test results of noise job workers in Zigong City 2017 were collected,and the data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.Results About 472 noise -job workers were taken pre-work physical examinees and 104 of them were detected by hearing abnormalities.The detection rate of heating abnormalities was 20.03%.Detection rate of contraindication was 15.25%,it was accounted for 69.23% of hearing impairment cases.The highest contraindication rate was found in 41 -50 ages group of male (30.11%).The average hearing loss detection rate of binaural high frequency (19.28%)was higher than that of speech frequency (11.02%).The difference was statistically significant (x^2 =24.14,P <0.01 ).The difference between detection rates of abnormal hearing and contraindications was not statistically significant.Conclusion The detection rates of high frequency bearing loss and contraindication of noise -job workers in Zigong city were high.We should strengthen supervision for private small enterprises,and occupational health education and propaganda for the group of migrant workers with recessive occupational diseases should be carried out, personal protection awareness should be improved,so that the occurrence of occupational noise deafness can be reduced from the source.Pure tone audiometry can screen out occupational contraindications in time before employed,which has great significance for early detection of hearing impairment and the reduction of occupational hazards.

关 键 词：噪声 纯音听力测试 职业禁忌证 听力损失 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]