成都市青羊区2～3岁幼儿口腔进食技能及其影响因素研究  

Oral Feeding Skills and Influencing Factors in Children Aged 2-3 Years

作　　者：丁常聪 王红[2] 聂晶[2] 李红霞 DING Changcong;WANG Hong;NIE Jing;LI Hongxia(Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Chengdu 610000,Sichuan Province,China;Qingyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Chengdu 610000,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]成都市青羊区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,成都610000 [2]四川省妇幼保健院,成都610000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2019年第3期271-275,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解2～3岁儿童口腔进食技能的现状,探讨口腔进食技能异常对儿童的饮食行为、言语及牙发育等的影响,同时分析影响儿童口腔进食技能的相关因素。方法选取2017-06/2018-03期间在青羊区妇幼保健院儿童保健科进行体检且年龄为满2～3岁的健康儿童,对其家长进行问卷调查。结果在调查的280例人群中,有102例出现至少一项口腔进食技能问题(36. 4%);主要表现在进食时间长(33. 2%)、包饭(20. 7%)、口腔敏感(22. 5%)及咀嚼时间短(27. 1%);有口腔进食技能问题的儿童其发生食纳差、挑食,吐词不清,龋齿的几率明显高于正常组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01);口腔进食技能异常儿童其独立进食的能力明显低于正常组儿童(χ~2=64. 039,P<0. 01);家长不知道进食技能需要训练(χ~2=24. 765,P<0. 01);没有遵循正确的食物转换进程(χ~2=24. 846,P<0. 01),食物质地偏软(χ~2=74. 930,P<0. 01)儿童被强迫进食的几率更高(χ~2=40. 180,P<0. 01)。结论 2～3岁儿童发生口腔进食技能问题的比例较高,其不仅影响儿童的饮食行为,还影响儿童整体的口腔运动能力和儿童言语、牙齿等的发育,家长的养育方式是影响儿童口腔进食技能发展的主要因素。Objective To understand the status of oral feeding skills of 2-3 year old children,explore the effects of abnormal oral feeding skills on children’s language ability,dental arrangement and eating habits;analyze the related factors influencing oral feeding skills of children. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to select healthy children aged between 2 and 3 years from June 2017 to March 2018 who received physical examination in the Children’s Health Department of Qingyang District Maternity and Child Care Hospital. Then their parents were surveyed by questionnaires. The Epidata software was used for data entry. SPSS17. 0 software was used for statistical description and analysis. Results Among the surveyed 280 children,there were 102 with at least one oral feeding skill problem,accounting for36. 4%. These problems mainly included long eating time( 33. 2%), difficulty in swallowing( 20. 7%), oral sensitivity( 22. 5%),and short chewing time( 27. 1%).The children with abnormal oral feeding skills showed a significantly greater possibility of such problems as unclear speech,dental caries,poor food intake,and picky eating habits( P < 0. 01). The ability of these children to eat independently was significantly poorer than the ability of those with normal feeding habits( χ^2= 64. 039,P <0. 01),and their parents were not aware that practice was needed to enhance the ability to eat( χ^2= 24. 765,P<0. 01),the correct food conversion process could not be followed( χ^2= 24. 826,P<0. 01),food was too soft in texture( χ^2= 74. 930,P<0. 01),and the likelihood of forcing children to eat was higher( χ^2= 40. 180,P<0. 01). Conclusion The proportion of children 2-3 years of age with problematic oral feeding skills is high;poor oral feeding skills affect not only the children’s oral motor ability but also development of children’s language,teeth and dietary ability. Parents ’ training methods are the main factor that influences the development of children’ s oral feeding skills.

关 键 词：口腔进食技能 咀嚼 吞咽 口腔敏感 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]