准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层地质结构及对油气藏的控制作用:以霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁褶皱冲断带为例  

The deep structures in the South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt and their control on petroleum accumulation:insights from the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt

作　　者：马德龙 何登发[3] 袁剑英[1,2] 张虎权 潘树新[1] 王宏斌 王彦君[1,2] 魏彩茹 郭娟娟[1] MA Delong;HE Dengfa;YUAN Jianying;ZHANG Huquan;PAN Shuxin;WANG Hongbin;WANG Yanjun;WEI Cairu;GUO Juanjuan(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development -Northwest,PetroChina,Lanzhou 730022,China;Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description,PetroChina,Lanzhou 730022,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州730022 [2]中国石油集团油藏描述重点实验室,甘肃兰州730022 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2019年第1期165-177,共13页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05003-002)

摘　　要：准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带位于天山北麓,在晚新生代强烈的挤压作用下,地表发育数排背斜带。由于构造变形复杂、地震反射成像质量较差,对深层地质结构争议较大,另外前新生代盆地原型对晚新生代以来的褶皱冲断带构造格局的影响也尚未探讨。霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁(简称霍-玛-吐)褶皱冲断带位于准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带地表第二排背斜带,利用最新采集和处理的地震反射资料,并结合地表地质露头建立深层构造模型;利用平衡地质剖面复原和构造物理模拟实验的方法探索早侏罗世盆地原型结构对现今褶皱冲断带构造格局的影响;在此基础上分析霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带深层天然气富集规律。霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带垂向上发育古近系—第四系逆冲推覆构造、中上侏罗统—白垩系构造楔和下侏罗统半地堑断陷结构。控制早侏罗世半地堑系统的高角度正断层在晚期挤压构造变形体系中充当逆断坡,并控制上覆构造楔和浅层逆冲推覆构造的发育。早侏罗世半地堑系统具有分段性,并通过侧向断坡进行连接,侧向断坡上覆地层发育南北向走滑调节断层。油气勘探现状表明,霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带内部南北向走滑调节断层具有高效沟通下侏罗统烃源岩的特点,是控制天然气的富集的重要因素。以上研究表明,中西部陆内前陆冲断带前新生代古构造对于晚新生代挤压冲断构造格局和深层天然气富集规律具有重要意义。The South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt is located in northern Tian Shan piedmont,where multiple fold and thrust belts developed under the influence of strong compressional activity in the Late Cenozoic.Its deep structures as well as the impact of pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures on the present tectonic framework are still under debate due to structural complexity and lack of high quality seismic imaging data. In this paper,we select the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt-situated in the second row of the fold and thrust belt in the South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt-as our study area.We used newly collected and processed seismic data and ground geological data to discover the deep structures.We also used sandbox modeling and balanced restoration method to explore the impact of the prototype basin in the Early Jurassic on the present tectonic framework.The results show that Lower Jurassic half-graben system, Middle-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous structural wedge,and thrust belts in the Cenozoic layers developed in the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt.The normal faults developed in the Early Jurassic served as thrust ramps in the Late Cenozoic foreland thrust belts,and also controlled the development of structural wedge and thrust belts above them.The Early Jurassic half-graben has different segments,connected by lateral ramps.These lateral ramps control the strike slip faults developed among the fold and thrust belts, impacting greatly on the migration and accumulation of gas originated from Lower Jurassic source rocks. Finally,we can conclude that the pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures have great influence on the tectonic framework and petroleum accumulation in the intracontinental foreland thrust belts.

关 键 词：准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带 霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁褶皱冲断带 半地堑 早侏罗世 走滑调节断层 

分 类 号：P618.130.1[天文地球—矿床学]