水肥耦合对杨树根区水、氮运移及吸收的影响研究进展  

Research Progress in the Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Water and Nitrogen Transport and Uptake in Populus Root Zone

作　　者：刘峰[1] 仲俊桥 于景麟 明健 贾黎明[1] Liu Feng;Zhong Junqiao;Yu Jinglin;Ming Jian;Jia Liming(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2019年第1期42-47,共6页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"水肥耦合对黄泛平原砂地毛白杨水氮吸收与利用的调控机制"(31670625)

摘　　要：随着我国木材需求量不断增加,速生丰产林提质增产迫在眉睫,急需探求合理高效的水肥集约经营策略。文中对灌溉施肥条件下植物根区水和氮(N)运移分布、吸收根形态与分布,以及水和N吸收相关研究进行综述,结论如下:1)水、N分布与施肥灌水量、土壤质地、降水、地下水位等条件有关。主要研究方法有室内、大田试验以及数值模拟法。由不同时刻水、N运移分布情况发现,改善水肥耦合措施,可降低N淋失对地下水的污染,同时提高植物的水、N利用效率。2)杨树吸收根主要分布于土壤表层,呈"倒金字塔"型分布,随远离树干方向,分布趋于浅层化,垂直根呈"S"形,整体表现为"二态性";从根系分布规律发现,少量多次随水施肥有利于吸收根及林分生长。3)杨树品种、生育阶段、施肥水平以及土壤条件等不同,其水、N吸收情况及后期分配均存在差异。但恰当的水肥比例和灌施频率均有利于水、N吸收。以往研究只关注根区水和N运移、根系分布、吸收利用过程中的某一环节,而对各环节间动态联系以及整体调控机制知之甚少。因此,应设置不同水、N耦合方式,对各环节进行关联分析,明确调控机制,以期实现水、N效率最大化,有效提升林木产量。With the increasing demand for wood in China,it is urgent to increase the quality and yield of fast-growing and high-yield forests. So,it is extremely urgent to explore a reasonable and efficient strategy of water and fertilizer management. This paper reviewed the research on the water and N transport and distribution,water and N uptake,and the shape and distribution of the absorption roots in the root zone under irrigation and fertilization conditions. The results showed that:( 1) The distribution of water and N is related to the amount of fertilizer and irrigation,soil texture,precipitation,and groundwater level. The main research methods include indoor and field test as well as numerical simulation. By studying the distribution of water and N transport at different times,the improvement of the coupling management measures of water and fertilizer can thereby reduce the pollution of groundwater by N leaching and improve the utilization efficiency of water and N by plants;( 2) The absorption roots of Populus are mainly distributed in the surface layer of the soil,which is distributed in the form of "inverted pyramids". When it gets farther from the trunk,the distribution tends to be shallow, the vertical roots are "S " shaped, and the overall performance is dimorphism. According to the law of root distribution,frequent but small-amount fertilization with water is beneficial to the growth of fine roots and stands;( 3) The water and N uptakes and later distribution were found to be different when the varieties,growth stages,fertilization levels and soil conditions of Populus are different. But the reasonable proportion of water and fertilizer and proper irrigation and fertilization frequency are conducive to water and nitrogen uptake. Previous studies only put focus on certain links in the process of water and nitrogen transport,root system distribution,and absorption and utilization in the root zone,while the dynamic connection between the various links and the overall regulation mechanism are still not well under

关 键 词：杨树 水肥耦合 水氮运移 吸收根 水氮吸收 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]