嫁接提高园艺作物耐热性的研究进展  

The research progress on improving the heat resistance of horticultural crops by grafting

作　　者：何燕红[1] 齐文全 张春玲[1] 王尼慧 包满珠[1] HE Yanhong;QI Wenquan;ZHANG Chunling;WANG Nihui;BAO Manzhu(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室/农业部华中都市农业重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2018年第6期1137-1142,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672181)资助

摘　　要：嫁接作为一门悠久而新兴的无性繁殖技术,广泛应用于园艺作物的繁殖、新品种选育以及品种改良等方面。重点介绍嫁接技术提高园艺作物耐热性的应用研究,并综述了植物通过嫁接提高耐热性机理方面的最新进展。植株嫁接能显著提高根系活力,提升接穗叶片的光合速率和酶活性,调节体内不同部位内源激素含量,并通过水平基因转移(HGT)和RNA长距离运输对基因表达进行可遗传修饰。同时还对研究中仍需解决的问题和嫁接技术发展前景进行讨论。大力开展嫁接提高园艺作物的耐热性,并深入研究嫁接提高植物耐热性的机理,对促进园艺作物的栽培与育种具有重要意义。As a long and emerging asexual reproduction technology, grafting has been widely used in propagation, new cultivar breeding and quality improvement of horticultural crops. This article focused on the application of grafting technology to improve the heat resistance of horticultural crops and reviewed the latest research progress on the mechanism of improving heat resistance by grafting. After grafting, the root activity, photosynthetic rate and enzyme activity of the leaves were enhanced obviously. The contents of endogenous hormones in different parts of the plant were changed significantly. Horizontal gene transfer(HGT) and RNA long distance transport were happened to modify gene expression. At the same time, the problems that still need to be solved and the development prospect of grafting technology were also discussed. Popularizing grafting technology and studying the mechanism of enhancing plant heat resistance by grafting will greatly promote the cultivation and breeding of horticultural crops.

关 键 词：嫁接 耐热性 根系活力 光合作用 酶活性 植物激素 水平基因转移 RNA长距离运输 

分 类 号：S604.3[农业科学—园艺学]