技术选择中是否存在格雷欣法则——一个演化经济学分析框架  

Is There a Law of Gresham in the Choice of Technology?——An Evolutionary Economic Analysis Framework

作　　者：陈明明 张国胜[2] 郑猛[3] Chen Ming-ming;Zhang Guo-sheng;Zheng Meng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所 [2]云南大学发展研究院 [3]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《经济学家》2019年第2期34-46,共13页Economist

摘　　要："优胜劣汰"与"劣胜优汰"的技术选择并存于技术发展史,而如何在一个统一的经济学分析框架内解释该现象是学术界关注的热点问题之一。本文立足于演化经济学相关理论,通过构建技术选择动力方程,将技术异质性、消费者和生产者的技术需求统一纳入一个分析框架,初步探析市场是如何在生产成本相同但其产品质量不同的技术个体之间进行选择的。研究发现:第一,在消费者更换高质量产品所获净收益为正时,生产高质量产品的技术个体在技术个体群中的权重不断上升,生产低质量产品的技术个体权重不断下降。第二,在消费者更换高质量产品所获净收益为负时,生产低质量产品的技术个体权重持续上升,生产高质量产品的技术个体权重趋于下降。第三,在消费者更换高质量产品所获净收益为零时,生产产品质量各异的不同技术个体并存于市场,技术个体群结构呈现出多样性特点。第四,技术或产品市场完善程度的提高将加速净收益为正或为负时的技术个体群结构变迁速率。The technical choices of "survival of the fittest" and "bad victory" coexist in the history of technological development, and how to explain this phenomenon within a unified economic analysis framework is one of the hot issues of academic concern. Based on the theory of evolutionary economics, this paper constructs the technology select dynamic equation by integrating the technical heterogeneity, the technical needs of consumers and producers into an analytical framework, and makes preliminary analysis of how the market chooses between technical individuals with the same production costs but different product quality. The study finds that: First, when the net income of consumers replacing high-quality products is positive, the weight of technical individuals producing high-quality products in the technical individual group is rising, and the weight of technical individuals producing low-quality products is declining. Second, when the net income of consumers replacing high-quality products is negative, the weight of individuals who produce low-quality products continues to rise, and the weight of individuals who produce high-quality products tends to decline. Third, when the net income obtained by consumers replacing high-quality products is zero, different technical individuals who produce different quality products will coexist in the market, and the technical individual groups will exhibit diversity characteristics. Fourth, the improvement in the degree of perfection of the technology or product market will accelerate the rate of structural change of the technical individual groups when the net income is positive or negative.

关 键 词：技术异质性 消费者与生产者技术需求 技术均衡需求增长率 技术个体群结构变迁 

分 类 号：F093[经济管理—政治经济学] F097