小波尺度谱在振动信号分析中的应用研究  

USING WAVELET SCALOGRAM FOR VIBRATION SIGNALS ANAYLSIS

作　　者：彭志科[1] 何永勇[1] 褚福磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学精密仪器与机械学系,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2002年第3期122-126,共5页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家"九五"攀登计划(PD9521908Z2);国家自然科学基金(50105007)资助项目。

摘　　要：尺度谱受Ｈｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ测不准原理的极限制约，在小尺度（高频段）的频域集中性不是很好，另外还会有干扰项的影响。这些给对尺度谱的分析带来了一定的影响。尺度谱再分配方法可在一定程度上提高尺度谱的集中性，并削弱干扰项，使尺度谱容易理解。用尺度谱和重分配的尺度谱对旋转机械的两种典型故障：转子径向碰摩、联轴节不对中的试验数据和一机组的实测数据进行了分析，和频谱分析进行了比较。结果表明尺度谱不仅能够显示振动信号的时频特征，而且能够很好的表现信号中一些能量相对较小的分量，利于提取早期故障特征。：Because of the limit of Heisenberg-Gabor inequality, the wavelet scalogram has low frequency concentration at small scales and low time concentration at large scales. In addition, misleading interference terms would appear in the scalogram at some conditions. All of those would influence scalogram analysis seriously. Reassignment method can improve the concentration of the scalogram and weaken the interference terms to certain extent, thus the readability of the scalogram can be improved. The experimental data of three kinds of faults：Rub-impact, coupling misalignment and the actual measurement data from a pumped storage power generator unit are analyzed by scalogram and reassigned scalogram, and the results by ordinary frequency analysis are also given. The comparison among three kinds of analysis results is carried out, and the comparison results indicate that the scalogram can not only reveal the time-frequency features of vibration signal but also extrude components of low energy. Therefore it is suitable to extract features of faults at early stage.

关 键 词：小波分析 尺度谱 故障诊断 时频分析 机械设备 振动信号分析 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH113.1