不同季节日光温室黄瓜氮磷钾吸收规律的研究  

Study on Uptake of NPK of Solar Greenhouse Cucumber in Different Seasons

作　　者：裴孝伯[1] 张福墁[1] 高丽红[1] 王柳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100094

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2002年第1期68-73,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 (3 983 0 2 3 0 ) ;农业部蔬菜遗传与生理重点开放实验室资助项目

摘　　要：以津新密刺黄瓜为试材 ,研究日光温室秋冬、冬春两个茬口温室内光温环境以及黄瓜对 N、 P、 K的吸收规律。结果表明 :温室内光温环境冬春茬较秋冬茬更符合黄瓜生育的要求。随生育进程 ,黄瓜冬春茬根体积增加较快、根系活力变化呈单峰曲线 ,秋冬茬根体积增加缓慢、根系活力逐步下降 ;植株全 N、P2 O5和 K2 O的吸收速率 ,冬春茬呈增加趋势 ,秋冬茬苗期较低、初花期达最高、结瓜期逐步下降。植株吸收全 N、 P2 O5和K2 O的比例 ,不同茬口不同生育阶段有变化。每 667m2 全生育期黄瓜全 N、 P2 O5和 K2 O吸收量 ,冬春茬依次为 1 2 .96、 1 3 .99和 3 6.43 kg,秋冬茬为 3 .5 6、 2 .64和 8.3 9kg。不同茬口不同生育阶段全 N、P2 O5、K2 O吸收量占总吸收量的比例有变化 ,冬春茬结瓜期占 90 %以上 ,初瓜、盛瓜和末瓜期分别约占总吸收量的 2 2 %、 5 5 %和 1 3 % ;秋冬茬结瓜期占 70 %左右 ,初瓜、盛瓜和末瓜期分别为 3 2 %、 3 0 %和 1 0 %。还分析了引起养分吸收差异的原因 。In order to investigate inner light and temperature condition as well as uptake of N, P and K in soil culture in winter spring and autumn winter crop in solar greenhouse, a cucumber variety (Cucumis sativas L vs Jinxinmici) was chosen in these experiments. The results showed that inner greenhouse light and temperature condition of winter spring were better than that of autumn winter. With development of the plant, root volume increased rapidly, root activity reached at the apex at early fruit stage in winter spring, whereas root volume increased slowly, root activity declined in autumn winter. The uptake rate of total N, P 2O 5 and K 2O enhanced with plant development in winter spring. The rate was lower at plantlet stage, reached at the apex at bloom and declined at following stage in autumn winter. The uptake ratio of total N, P 2O 5 and K 2O varied with seasons and developmental stages. The accumulated uptake amount (kg/667 m 2) of total N, P 2O 5 and K 2O was 12 96,13 99 and 36 43 in winter spring and 3 56,2 64 and 8 39 in autumn winter, respectively. The percentage of each developmental stage to total uptake amount varied. During fruit bearing stage, it was about 90% with 22%, 55% and 13% at early fruit, mid fruit and late fruit stage in winter spring, respectively, while about 70% with 32%, 30% and 10% in autumn winter. The causes of nutrient absorbtion difference were analyzed and nutrient application according to environment as well as plant developmental stage was also discussed in the article.

关 键 词：日光温室 黄瓜 光温环境 养分吸收 季节 氮磷钾吸收规律 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]