中国活产出生体重的影响因素  

Impact Factors on Birth Weight in Chinese Population.

作　　者：米杰[1] 林良明[1] 刘玉琳[1] 张新利[1] 曹兰华[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所流行病学研究室,北京100020

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2002年第1期13-16,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

摘　　要：【目的】　根据 1998年中国活产儿出生体重调查数据 ,分析影响出生体重的各种因素。　【方法】　采用分层抽样方法 ,对 1998年 7～ 10月期间在抽样地区出生的孕周≥ 2 8周的活产儿进行出生体重测查。同时调查抽样地区育龄妇女贫血率 ,收集海拔高度、1998年人均国民生产总值等数据。　【结果】　不同胎龄活产儿出生体重一般是男性高于女性 ,但在孕 2 9周和 31周时女性出生体重略高于男性。不论男女 ,在孕 4 2周以后胎儿体重已经停止增长并出现下降趋势。孕 32周后男女活产儿出生体重随胎龄增长的趋势一致 ,并分别于孕 34周和孕 37周出现 2次增重高峰。出生体重受产次影响 ,第 4产或更高产次活产儿的出生体重明显下降。出生体重随海拔高度升高而明显下降 ,海拔高度每升高 10 0m ,出生体重下降 6 .1g。随海拔高度的升高 ,宫内发育迟缓儿的发生率和占低出生体重儿的比例均显著升高。低出生体重发生率随同地区育龄妇女贫血率增加而显著升高 (χ2 =81.4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。年人均国民生产总值 2 0 0 0元以下地区活产儿的出生体重显著低于 2 0 0 0元以上地区 ,相差达 12 0g。　【结论】　本次调查发现 ,男女胎儿体重增长有 2个高峰 ,分别出现在孕 34和 37周。平均出生体重与同一地区的海拔高度、育龄妇女贫血率和?To explore the impact factors related to birth weight in Chinese population. A national survey of birth weight on 22 350 live newborns borned at 28 or more gestational weeks with stratified sampling method was performed during July to October,1998.Information of all sampling sites about maternal anaemia,Gross National Product (GNP) in 1998 and altitude were collected as well. Mean birth weight by gestational age was higher in male than that in female with exception of the 29th and 31st gestational week.The curves of percentiles of birth weight by gestational age showed that fetal growth stopped at the 42nd and more gestational week in both male and female.The peaks of weekly increase of fetal weight were found at the 34th and 37th gestational week.High multiparity(equal or more than 4 times)was significantly associated with decreased birth weight.Birth weight decreased by 6.1g with 100m increase in altitude.The both incidence and proportion of intrauterine growth retardation among all LBW increased significantly with increasing altitude.A significant positive correlation between the LBW rate and the maternal anaemia rate was found(χ 2=81.4, P <0.001).Socioeconomic status represented by GNP also affected birth weight. [Conclusions] There are two peaks of weekly increasing weight of foetus for Chinese population,34th and 37th gestational week respectively.Regional mean birth weight is associated with altitude,maternal anaemia rate and socioeconomic status.

关 键 词：活产儿 出生体重 百分位数 影响因素 中国 

分 类 号：R174.1[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]