沙漠化:从圈层耦合到全球变化  

DESERTIFICATION: FROM LAYERS COUPLING TO GLOBAL CHANGE

作　　者：段怡春[1] 陈建平[1] 厉青[1] 丁火平[1] 黄定华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院

出　　处：《地学前缘》2002年第2期277-285,共9页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国土资源部自由探索项目 ( 2 0 0 0年度 )

摘　　要：从沙漠化概念提出伊始 ,沙漠化成因机理的研究就一直成为学术界关注的焦点。沙漠化过程究竟有多少是由自然因素所致 ,多少是由人类活动所为 ,诸因素与沙漠化之间有何内在关系 ,沙尘天气发生发展过程及其诱因等 ,当属地球系统科学应解决的难题。文章从全球变化的角度 ,将沙漠系统视作一种类生命的非线性动力系统 ,指出沙漠化源于地球表层系统各圈层之间复杂的相关与耦合作用 :气候变化是控制沙漠进退的首要因素 ;陆表水持续亏损则是导致干旱、半干旱地区沙漠化发展的直接原因 ;岩石圈构造运动塑造了不同的地形地貌单元 ,奠定了沙漠分布的地理格局 ;人类的不当活动和气候变化引起的生物生产力的衰退及土地覆盖的破坏 ,造成了现代沙漠化的快速扩张。The cause of desertification has long been of interest to academic circles since the concept of desertification was put forward 50 years ago. In the processes of desertification, natural impact such as climatic variation and human activities are undoubtedly important factors. However, which plays the leading role in the processes, how do the factors compact on desertification, and what causes lead to sandstorm or dust climate, etc. These tough problems should be solved by the Earth's system science. The desert system can be considered as a non\|linear dynamic system that is similar to a life system. In terms of global change, desertification is caused by the complex interaction of the earth's layers that are interrelated. The climatic variation is a major factor affecting the rate of desertification. The sustained period of water deficit is a direct cause of desertification in arid and semi\|arid areas. The tectonic activities of lithosphere control the framework of global desert by constructing geomorphology. The loss of biological productivity mainly caused by climate variability and unsustainable human activity leads to the fast expansion of desert.

关 键 词：沙漠化 圈层耦合 全球变化 人类活动 生态环境 沙尘天气 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学]