粘土矿物的环境意义  

ENVIRONMENT SIGNIFICANCE OF CLAY MINERALS

作　　者：汤艳杰[1] 贾建业[2] 谢先德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东广州510640 [2]广东省科学院广州地理研究所,广东广州510070

出　　处：《地学前缘》2002年第2期337-344,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：广东省科学院优秀青年科技人才基金资助项目

摘　　要：粘土矿物在沉积和埋藏作用过程中可发生转变。它的形成和转化与其所处的环境有密切关系 ,因此深入研究粘土矿物的组合与含量的变化、结构特点与转化规律以及粒度分布等特征 ,可以推测其形成区和来源区的风化作用类型和气候演变规律 ,有助于揭示全球性的环境演变规律。对粘土矿物的大量研究所揭示的古气候环境演变的信息 ,已被用于重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。此外 ,由于粘土矿物具有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性 ,对水体中各种类型的污染物有良好的吸附性能 ,并使土壤有一定的自净作用 ,所以在环境污染的防治中有广阔的应用前景。Because the large quantities of clay minerals are the products of different weathering processes on the Earth's surface, they possess abundant information of environmental changes during the course of sedimentation, burial and transformation, so that they can be the information indicators of environmental changes Hence, the thorough studies on features of clay minerals such as mineral micromorphology, microstructure, granularity distribution, content change and paragenetic associations can recognize and speculate the information of weathering types and climatic conditions in their formation and origins areas so as to reveal global signature of environmental evolution The information of paleoclimatic evolution derived from substantive research of clay minerals has been taken to reconstruct paleoclimate and continental paleoenvironment Clay minerals widely exist in all kinds of sedimentary rock With layer structures, inter\|layer electric charges and chemical bond, they are characterized by unique polarity, high porosity and large surface area Thus, they are capable of absorption, ion exchanging and swelling Based on these properties, clay minerals can serve as very effective sorbent of environmental pollutants As the main part of soil colloid, clay minerals carry some charges and can exchange ion in soil While toxicants permeated through soil, soil colloid may absorb the ions with reverse charges and then some of the ions can be solidified in the composition of clay Therefore, the activity and diffusion of pollutants are limited and the soil with clay minerals makes itself clean up Contrasts to active carbon, most kinds of clay minerals have not only abundant deposits but also low cost of regeneration Altogether, clay minerals will open their vast prospect in the application of environmental pollution control

关 键 词：粘土矿物 环境演变 信息载体 吸附能力 污染防治 表生风化作用 古气候 

分 类 号：P578.94[天文地球—矿物学] P532[天文地球—地质学]