溢油外观和碳稳定同位素比率随风化变化实验研究  

Experimental study of appearance and carbon stable isotope ratio changes in oil spill weathering process

作　　者：乔冰[1] 赵彦 李思源 肖峰[1] 吴海涛 刘晓峰[1] 周永生 

机构地区：[1]交通运输部水运科学研究所,北京100088 [2]深圳市质量计量检测研究院,广东深圳518131

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2014年第4期598-602,共5页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题"水上溢油预测预警技术开发"(2006BAC11B02);财政部"交通运输部水运科学研究所环境遥感实验室设备购置"项目(1230808008)

摘　　要：溢油风化研究对于提升溢油防备和应急响应的效率非常重要。本文采用一种自行设计的用氯丁二烯橡胶围成水池并配有气动推板造波造流的新型溢油风化模拟装置,来模拟燃料油、柴油、涠洲原油、阿曼原油的风化过程,并对溢油样品的外观和碳稳定同位素比率δ13C的动态变化进行研究分析。结果显示,四类油品的外观随风化过程的变化具有显著差别,而且柴油的风化会导致形成球状下沉油块;阿曼原油δ13C与涠洲原油δ13C明显不同,而涠洲原油δ13C却与产自涠洲原油的燃料油颇为相似;四种试验油品在经过长时间风化之后,其δ13C均趋近于溢油刚开始时值,其中,涠洲原油的δ13C在风化过程中的变化幅度最大,大约为其他三种油品的7倍。本项研究的成果可应用于水上溢油的品种及其环境归宿的鉴别分析。It is very important to do research on oil spill weathering for the efficient oil spill preparedness and emergen cy response. In this paper, a new-type weathering simulation device is designed, which is made of chloroprene rubber pool with air driven board and propeller for wave and current simulation. Using the device above, the weathering processes on marine of fuel oil, diesel oil, Weizhou crude oil, Oman crude oil are simulated. The changes of appear ance and carbon stable isotopeδ13C of the spilled oils were investigated. The results show that the appearances of four kinds of oils are significantly different during the weathering, and some ball shapes of sinking oil produced during the weathering of diesel oil. δ13Cof crude oil from Oman are quite different compared with those from Weizhou. Howeverδ13C values of crude oil from Weizhou are quite similar compared with those of fuel oil from Weizhou. δ13C values of four testing oils after long time weathering tended all into those at the beginning of spill, δ13C value range of Weizhou crude oil is the largest one during weathering which is 7 times of those of other 3 types of oils. This research can be used to differentiate the source and environmental fates of oil shill on water.

关 键 词：溢油 风化模拟 外观 碳稳定同位素比值 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]