一种菠萝果腐病病原初步鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Primary Study on Morphological Identification and Biological Characteristics of Fungal Pathogen Causing Fruit Rot Disease on Pineapple

作　　者：罗志文[1] 李向宏[1] 范鸿雁[1] 胡加谊[1,2] 何凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/农业部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海南海口571100 [2]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2014年第3期1124-1129,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203021);海南省科学事业费项目(琼财预[2013]131号);海南省科学事业费项目(琼财预[2014]31号);海南省重大科技项目(ZDZX2013020-3)

摘　　要：从海南菠萝产区的一种菠萝果腐病疑似样本中分离到了7株形态相近的真菌菌株,形态学鉴定结果表明该菌为链格孢菌[Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Kiessler];生物学特性研究结果表明,菠萝果皮榨汁培养基和PDA为病原菌生长适宜培养基;菌丝生长和孢子萌发最适生长温度均为28℃;菌丝生长和孢子萌发最适pH值分别为9和8;麦芽糖、果糖和半乳糖有利于菌丝生长,而果糖、半乳糖和蔗糖为病原分生孢子萌发的最适宜碳源;病原菌生长的适宜氮源为硝酸铵、酵母浸粉和天冬氨酸,酵母浸粉和天冬氨酸则有利于孢子萌发;完全光照最利于菌丝生长,分生孢子在光/暗交替条件下萌发率最高;病原孢子在RH≥95%的条件下才能萌发,水滴条件下孢子萌发率最高;病原菌致死温度为55℃处理20 min。7 similar pathogenic fungi causing pineapple fruit rot were isolated from infected fruits collected from main pineapple prodution areas of Hainan province and identified as Alternaria altemata （Fr.） Kiessler through morphological characteristics.And the further research on biological characteristics showed the optimum cultural medium for fungal growth were flesh juice medium and PDA.The best temperature conditions for mycelial growth and spore germination were both 28 ℃,with the most suitable PH value of 9 and 8.As the carbon sources,the maltose,D-sucrose,D-Galactose and D-fructose,D-falactose,sucrose were separately most suitable for the conoly growth and spore germination,and the NH4NO3 and L-aspartic acid,yeast extract were proven much more positive for a faster mycelial growth and higher conidia germination rate than the other tested nitrogen sources.The full-light treatment and 12 h-light/12 h-darkness were more beneficial for mycelial growth and spore germination respectively than the full-darkness in the test.Pathogenic spores could germinate if RH ≥95 % and germinated most in water droplets,and the lethal treatment for conidia was 55 ℃ incubating for 20 min.

关 键 词：菠萝 果腐病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]