高温干旱对油茶生长的影响  

Temperature and drought stress on growth of oil-tea camellia

作　　者：曹永庆[1] 姚小华[1] 龙伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400

出　　处：《林业科技开发》2014年第4期34-37,共4页China Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省省院合作林业科技项目"江山林改科技支撑技术集成与示范"(编号:2010SY01);浙江省重大农业专项"油茶良种快繁及产业提升关键技术集成示范及推广"(编号:2010C02005)

摘　　要：调查了干旱、高温等自然因素对不同林分、不同栽培模式油茶生长的影响。结果表明，不同油茶物种抗旱性差异显著，在调查的3个物种中，小果油茶的抗旱性最强，普通油茶次之，腾冲油荼的抗旱性最差；不同林龄林分的抗旱性不同，1—2年生新造林分的抗旱能力明显低于3年生或以上林龄的林分，且3—4年生林分抵御夏季高温干旱的能力要强于5—7年生林分；山坡中下部造林、大苗造林、减少新造林套作经营（花生）、科学覆膜管理措施能显著提高新造林的抗旱能力，加强修剪和抚育管理是改善油茶成林和老林抗旱性的重要技术手段。在今后的油茶生产过程中，应从油茶育种、育苗、造林和栽培管理一系列环节出发，研究形成一整套油茶抗旱栽培的技术体系，才能够真正地提高油茶抗旱生产水平。The effects of drought and high temperature on different oil-tea camellia forest stands were studied. The result showed that the drought-resistant ability was quite different among different oil-tea camellia species. Meanwhile the Camellia oleifera Abel. and C. meiocarpa Hu. exhibited higher drought-resistant ability compared with C. reticulate Lindl.. The drought-resistant ability of one or two years old young oil-tea camellia trees was lower than that of trees with over three years old. While three or four years old non-fruiting trees had got higher drought-resistant ability compared with the fruiting trees which are five to seven years old. The drought-resistant ability could be increased dramatically through scientific afforestation and management. For example, afforestation at the middle and lower part of mountain, afforestation by two years old seedlings, avoidding inter-crop especially peanut, coating management and so on. Furthermore, scientific pruning and tending management were important techniques for improving the drought resistance of old oil-tea camellia forestry. It is an important task for us to increase the drought-resistant production of oil-tea camellia by researching on breeding, seedlings culture, afforestation and cultivation management techniques to form a technical system for oil-tea camellia drought-resistant production in the future.

关 键 词：干旱 油茶 旱害指数 栽培管理 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护]