磷酸二氢钾铵对水稻的营养效应研究  

INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM-AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PADDY RICE

作　　者：廖铁军[1] 赵竞英[2] 黄云[1] 饶智宏 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [3]农业部科技与专利开发服务中心,北京100026

出　　处：《西南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2002年第2期165-168,共4页Journal of Southwest Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部丰收计划项目 (981 80 1 )资助

摘　　要：采用裂区设计 ,田间生物试验的方法 ,研究了磷酸二氢钾铵不同用量及不同施用方法在中性紫色土上对水稻的营养效应。结果表明 ,化成复肥供量较低时 ,产量随供肥量的增加而增加 ,复肥供量处理为 6 0 0kg/hm2 时 ,获得最高产量 ,主区为 7711kg/hm2 ,副区为 714 4kg/hm2 ,比CK分别增产 33.73%和 2 3.4 3% ,过量供应 ,养分累积量增加极缓 ,趋于稳定 ,单位养分的增产量及肥料利用率则显著降低 ,产量甚至出现下滑。相同供肥量不同施用方法比较 ,分次施肥比 1次基施 ,水稻对化成复肥中氮素和磷素利用率提高分别为 31.4 3%～ 34.88%和 30 .39%～ 32 .2 0 % ,而对钾素累积量和利用率影响较小 ,分次施肥较 1次基施增产幅度为 6 .95 %～ 7.94 %。品质分析表明 ,水稻籽粒蛋白质含量随复肥供量的增加而增加 ,分次施肥和 1次基施增加幅度分别达 16 .81%～ 19.5 2 %和 17.6 9%～ 19.34% ,但对淀粉含量影响相对较小 ,淀粉含量有随蛋白质含量增加而略有下降的趋势。适量供肥及合理施用方法可增加水稻叶片叶绿素含量、提高同化效率、增加水稻穗长、穗粒数等 。The split plot design was adopted in a field biological experiment to study the influence of different rates and application methods of chemosynthetic compound fertilizer on the nutritional status of paddy rice in a neutral purple soil. At lower rates, grain yield increased with fertilizer rate and the highest yield (7 711 kg/hm 2 in the main plot and 7 144 kg/hm 2 in the sub-plots) was obtained in the 600 kg/hm 2 treatment, an increase of 33.73% and 23.43%, respectively, over the control. With excessive fertilization, nutrient accumulation tended to be stable and further increase was quite negligible, resulting in substantial decrease in grain yield increase per unit nutrient and FUE (fertilizer use efficiency). Compared with application as basal fertilizer, the method of split dressing gave a 31.43%～34.88% and 30.39%～32.20% improvement of use efficiency of N and P. Application mode had smaller influence on the accumulation and use efficiency of K, the yield increase ranging from 6.95% to 7.94% for the split dressing. Protein content paddy grain increased with fertilizer rate, being in the range of 16.81%～19.52% for splitting dressing and 17.69%～19.34% for single application. Potassium-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate had comparatively little effect on starch content of the grain. Starch content tended to decrease with the increase of protein. Increased chlorophyll content, assimilation efficiency, spike length and grains per spike with adequate fertilization and appropriate application methods were found to be mainly responsible for yield increase.

关 键 词：磷酸二氢钾铵 水稻 增产效应 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学] S143.5