不同地表覆盖条件下区域水分盈亏的遥感分析——以中国北方为例  

REMOTE SENSING MODEL FOR MONITORING REGIONAL WATER STRESS CONCERNING LAND-COVER CONDITION --A CASE STUDY OVER NORTH CHINA

作　　者：陈云浩[1] 李晓兵[1] 李霞[1] 高清竹[1] 谢锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2002年第2期283-288,T004,共7页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"我国生存环境演变和北方干旱化趋势预测研究"(编号 :G19990 4340 4) ;"草地与农牧交错带生态系统重建机理及优化生态-生产范式"(编号 :G2 0 0 0 0 186 0 4) ;国家自然科学基金项目"基于‘3S’监测我国北方气候变化对植被的影响

摘　　要：依据能量平衡和水分平衡原理 ,建立不同地表覆盖条件下的区域缺水计算方法 ,实现了利用遥感数据对我国北方缺水状况的宏观监测和快速反应。模型的具体步骤是 :首先 ,利用NOAA/AVHRR数字影像进行地表覆盖分类 ,结合气象数据建立区域实际蒸散模型 ,并利用经联合国粮农组织修正的Penman公式计算区域潜在蒸散量。然后 ,由区域实际蒸散量和潜在蒸散量 ,构造出反映区域缺水程度的缺水指数。最后 ,利用该方法对 1999年 7月我国北方的区域水分盈亏状况进行了研究 ,讨论了区域缺水指数与土壤墒情、背景环境参数、地表覆盖类型的关系。It is a very important and complicated problem to monitor regional drought over large area of heterogeneous surface. The purpose of this study is to seek a regional water stress monitoring model over large area of natural land surface based on the regional land cover types and vegetation fraction information. At first, an estimation model for regional actual evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) was obtained using the remotely sensed reflected solar radiation and surface temperatures derived from the NOAA/AVHRR digital image as well as the meteorological data such as incoming solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and vapor pressure from ground meteorological station. Secondly, an estimation model for regional potential evapotranspiration (ET p) was developed by using the modified Penman's equation, which based on the principles of energy balance and water balance. Then, a monthly regional water stress index model over the heterogeneous landscape was derived by considering the regional actual evapotranspiration and regional potential evapotranspiration. At last, a case study over the area of North China and the features of soil moisture over North China are also discussed with this model. The case gives that DEM and vegetation fraction are also the main factors which affects the regional water stress index as well as precipitation. Therefore, land cover conditions must be taken into account in the regional water stress index monitoring over North China. In the present study, this regional water stress index model seems to be a viable method for monitoring the soil moisture over large area of natural land surface.

关 键 词：能量平衡 水分平衡原理 土壤墒情 地表覆盖 区域缺水指数 遥感 蒸散 中国 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]