厌氧胁迫下芝麻不同耐渍基因型形态、生理及矿质元素变化的比较研究  

Comparison of morphology, physiology and mineral element contents among genotypes of sesame with different tolerance to waterlogging under anaerobic condition

作　　者：王文泉[1,2] 张福锁[1] 王文泉 郑永战 梅鸿献 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物营养系 [2]河南省农科院芝麻研究中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2002年第4期421-424,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G1999011707).

摘　　要：在根部控制供氧下比较4种不同耐渍基因型芝麻的形态、生理指数及营养器官矿质元素含量变化.结果表明,耐渍品种野芝7号与豫芝1号不定根条数增加4～5倍,净光合速率( Pn)下降幅度小,ADH活性增加约2倍;根中Ca、P含量显著升高,K降幅较小.根中其余元素以及茎、叶中8种元素均呈下降趋势.非耐渍品种丹巴格与遂平小籽黄,不定根条数无明显增加,Pn下降50%～60%,ADH活性可升高5～9倍;根中Ca、P含量亦增高,K下降较多. 耐渍基因型有明显的结构适应特征,厌氧代谢的能量补偿作用相对次要.Ca、P在芝麻对厌氧胁迫的生理适应中起重要作用.The morphological and physiological indexes and the mineral element contents in different organs of 4 genotypes of sesame were examined under controlled oxygen supply. The number of adventitious roots of flooding tolerant varieties, Wild No.7 and Yuzhi No. 1, increased 4~5 fold, the activity of ADH enhanced about twice, but the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased slightly. There were significant increase in Ca and P and little decrease in K in roots, and decrease in other elements in roots and 8 elements in stems and leaves. As for less flooding-tolerant genotypes, Danbackaggce and Suiping Xiaozhihuang, however, the number of adventitious roots increased little, the activity of ADH enhanced 5 - 9 folds, and Pn decreased by 50 - 60 % . An increase in Ca and P, and a significant reduction in K was found in roots. It was concluded that the waterlogging tolerance of sesame depended firstly on the structural adaptation, then on the anoxia metabolism, and that Ca and P may play an important role in the metabolic adaptation to the anaerobic environment for plant survival.

关 键 词：厌氧胁迫 芝麻 耐渍基因型 厌氧适应 形态 生理 矿质元素 比较研究 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学] S332.4