环青海湖地区草地生境的蝗虫潜在发生可能性评价  

Assessment of Grassland Habitats on Potential Occurrence of Grasshoppers in the Region Around Qinghai Lake

作　　者：倪绍祥[1] 蒋建军[1] 巩爱岐[2] 王薇娟[2] 张生合[2] 王孝发[2] 韦玉春[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210097 [2]青海省草原总站,西宁810001

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第3期285-290,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 9971 0 5 6 ) ;地理信息科学江苏省重点实验室开放基金资助项目

摘　　要：环青海湖地区是青海省草地蝗虫最集中的区域 ,主要有 1 0种 ,它们对草地造成了很大危害。草地蝗虫的发生与由植被、地形、土壤等组成的生境类型存在密切的关系。论述了草地蝗虫生境类型划分的原则 ,并提出了生境分类方案。在此基础上 ,提出了各类生境针对草地蝗虫潜在发生可能性的评价原理、方法和评价指标体系 ,并据其对野外实地调查样点进行了评价。结果表明 ,草地蝗虫潜在发生可能性指数与草地蝗虫密度之间的相关系数高达 0 .90。研究区受草地蝗虫严重危害或较严重危害的生境类型是芨芨草草原、克氏针茅草原及紫花针茅草原 ,高寒草甸属一般危害 。Grasshopper (Orthoptern:acrididae)belongs to the pest insects seriously harmful to China's grassland.In China grasshoppers appear mainly in the livestock farming regions of the provinces of Xinjiang,Inner\|Mongolia and Qinghai.In Qinghai Province,for example,there are more than a half million hectares of grassland suffering from grasshopper infestation.These grasslands are mostly distributed in the region around Qinghai Lake.\;The region around Qinghai Lake,With total area of 16 730 square kilometers,is located on the northwestern Qinghai\|Tibet Plateau.Its elevation ranges from 3 193 meters above sea level at the water surface of Qinghai Lake to more than 4 000 meters above sea level in the mountains surrounding the lake.The local climate is characteristic of drought,frigidness and strong wind,especially in winter and early spring seasons.High\|warmer steppe,high\|cold steppe,high\|cold meadow,and high\|cold meadow with shrubs are dominated vegetation types and they are distributed in order from lower area to upper area of the region.In this region ten grasshopper species appear most frequently and have most serious impact to the grasslands.These species are Myrmeleotettix palpalis Zub., Chorthippus dubius Zub., Chothippus fallax Zub., Angaracris barabensis Pall., Angaracris rhodopa F.W., Gomphocerus licenti Chang, Dasyhippus barbipes F.W., Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikom, Bryodema luctuosum luctuosum Stoll,and Bryodemella tuberculatum dilutum Stoll.Among them,three species,i.e. Myrmeleotettix palpalis Zub., Chorthippus dubius Zub.and Chothippus fallax Zub.,consist of 90 percentages or more of the total grasshopper number in the region. \;The study shown that in the region around Qinghai Lake a close relation exists between grasshoppers and their habitats.All these habitats are formed through the interaction between climate,vegetation,topography and soil.Therefore,the grasshopper habitat types in the region were firstly recognized and classified using the

关 键 词：潜在发生可能性 草地蝗虫 生境 评价 青海湖 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]