小麦种间杂种优势研究: Ⅰ.普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦及密穗小麦种间杂种产量和品质优势  

Study on Heterosis of Interspecific Hybrid Wheat:I . The Yield and Quality Heterosis of Interspecific Hybrid Between Common Wheat, Spelt Wheat and Club Wheat

作　　者：窦秉德[1] 孙其信[1] 倪中福[1] 吴利民[1] 孟凡荣[1] 刘保申[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学作物学院,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2002年第1期47-53,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点资助项目(5991001);国家863计划资助项目(2001AA241042)

摘　　要：以6个普通小麦为母本,5个斯卑尔脱小麦和5个密穗小麦为父本配制6×10种间NCⅡ双列杂交组合,对其杂种F1的产量及品质性状进行了研究.结果发现:小麦种间杂种在产量上具有明显的杂种优势,其中斯卑尔脱小麦与普通小麦所配的30个种间杂交组合产量杂种优势平均为109.24%(43.14%～187.96%),单株穗数及千粒重平均优势较大且与产量优势的相关分别达极显著水平和显著水平;密穗小麦与普通小麦所配的30个种间杂种的杂种优势为77.19%(-2.18%～143.42%),单株穗数和主穗粒数优势较大且与产量优势的相关均达极显著水平.种间杂种的品质指标中籽粒硬度大多降低,但农大3226所配组合均具正向优势,密穗小麦所配种间杂种籽粒蛋白质含量及湿面筋含量低于普通小麦.但是种间杂种沉淀值的杂种优势比较普遍.认为,种间杂种的品质性状在一些组合中比普通小麦有所提高.A 6 ?10 NC ? diallel crosses were made by using 6 common wheat as female parents and 5 spelt wheats/club wheats as male parents ,heterosis of interspecific F1 hybrids on yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the interspecific hybrid of wheat had significant heterosis, the yield heterosis of F1 hybrids between common wheat and spelt wheat ranged from 43. 14% to 187. 96% with an average of 109. 24%, the average heterosis of spike number per plant and 1 000-grain-weight were high and obviously related to yield heterosis at 0. 01 and 0. 05 level, respectively; the average yield heterosis of F1 hybrids between common wheat and club wheat was 77. 19%(ranged from-2. 18% to 143. 42%), the average heterosis of spike number per plant and spike grain number were high and both was also obviously related to yield heterosis at 0. 01 level. In the quality test, the grain hardness heterosis over female parent was negative in most crosses but positive in crosses involved the variety Nongda 3226 as female parent, the level of protein content and wet gluten content were lower at 0. 01 level than that of its female parent in the interspecific hybrid involved club wheat, heterosis in sedimentation value were observed in most interspecific hybrids. It is concluded that the quality could be improved in some interspecific hybrid.

关 键 词：小麦 种间杂种优势 普通小麦 斯卑尔脱小麦 密穗小麦 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]