冬小麦施氮对下茬夏玉米的后效  

Effect of Residual Nitrogen Applied to Winter Wheat on the Following Summer Maize

作　　者：黄生斌[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2002年第1期54-58,共5页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重大资助项目(6980001)

摘　　要：对冬小麦施氮在下茬夏玉米上后效的研究表明：1）冬小麦收获后土壤残留的无机氮量与冬小麦生长季的总施氮量呈极显著的平台加线性相关关系，即在一定的施氮范围内，土壤残留无机氮保持一恒定的值，但超过一个临界值（93．7kg·hm^-2)后土壤残留无机氮量与冬小麦季总施氮量呈线性正相关；2）冬小麦收获后0－90cm土壤残留无机氮与下茬夏玉米的籽粒产量呈显著的线性加平台的关系，夏玉米在达到平台产量时的土壤残留无机氮为63．6kg·hm^-2；3）在该试验所处的土壤和气候条件下，冬小麦189kg·hm^-2的施氮量就可以满足冬小麦，夏玉米两茬作物对氮素的需求；4）土壤残留无机氮的利用能极大地提高肥料利用率，在冬小麦／夏玉米轮作体系中，夏玉米生长季氮肥的优化施用应充分考虑前茬作物冬小麦收获后的土壤残留无机氮量。The study on effect of residual nitrogen applied to winter wheat on the following summer maize showed that: 1 ) There was a significant plateau plus linear relationship between the amount of residual nitrogen after winter wheat harvested and the amount of nitrogen applied to the winter wheat, with a critical value of 93. 7 kg·hm-2 for the amount of nitrogen applied. 2) The amount of residual nitrogen after winter wheat harvest was in a significant linear plus plateau relationship with the grain yield of following summer maize , and 63. 6 kg·hm-2 soil residual N would be enough for maximum grain yield of the following summer maize. 3) Under the condition of this experiment, 189 kg·hm-2 fertilizer N would meet the nitrogen demand of both winter wheat and summer maize. 4) In winter wheat and summer maize rotation system, the residual nitrogen after wheat harvest should be taken into consideration when fertilizing on following summer maize.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 氮肥 后效 肥效 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]