小麦杂种优势群研究 Ⅴ.微卫星分子标记遗传距离与普通小麦和斯卑尔脱小麦种间杂种优势的关系  

Study on Wheat Heterotic Group Ⅴ. Relationships between Microsatellite Markers-based Genetic Distance and Heterosis between T. aestivum and T. spelta

作　　者：崔国惠[1] 倪中福[1] 吴利民[1] 李元清 孙其信[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物遗传育种系,北京100094 [2]内蒙古农科院作物所,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2002年第1期5-9,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点资助项目 (5 9910 0 1) ;国家"九五"科技攻关项目 (96 0 0 2 0 2 0 4)

摘　　要：通过对普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦和普通小麦品种间两组亲本微卫星分子标记遗传距离及 30个普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦种间双列杂交杂种和 2 0个普通小麦品种间双列杂交杂种优势及亲本配合力的测定 ,研究了微卫星分子标记遗传距离与杂种优势、F1性状值及组合特殊配合力之间的关系。结果表明 ,普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦种间的杂种优势明显高于普通小麦品种间的杂种优势。普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦间的平均遗传距离为 0 .6 5 2 ,普通小麦品种间的遗传距离为 0 .4 0 4 ,普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦种间杂种单株产量平均优势为 111.39% ,普通小麦品种间杂种的产量优势平均为 11.14 %。研究发现 ,在所采用的两组亲本内 ,遗传距离与所考察的各性状杂种优势没有必然的联系 ,但当遗传差异从品种间扩大到种间时 ,遗传距离与各性状杂种优势呈显著正相关。说明利用种间杂交既可以明显扩大亲本间的遗传差异 ,又可以显著提高小麦的杂种优势潜力。Microsatellite marker based genetic distance (GD) between spelt wheat and common wheat were estimated, and their relationship with heterosis, F 1 performance and specific combining abilities of 8 characters in 30 interspecific hybrids and 20 common wheat hybrids were tested. The results suggested that the heterosis of interspecific hybrids between common wheat and spelt wheat was significantly higher than that of common wheat hybrids, and the mean GD value was 0.652 between spelt wheat and common wheat,and 0.404 within common wheat varieties.The yield heterosis was 111.39% for interspecific hybrids and 11.14% for common wheat hybrids. The results indicated that GD and heterosis were not correlated either for intervarietal hybrids or interspecific hybrids. However, when pooling the intervarietal and interspecific hybrids together, GD was significantly correlated with heterosis. The result indicated that the heterosis could be enhanced when the genetic diversity was broadened from intervarietal hybrids to interspecific hybrids. It was concluded that the development of the hybrids between common wheat and spelt wheat could broaden the genetic basis for hybrid wheat breeding and raise the heterosis potential.

关 键 词：普通小麦 斯卑尔脱小麦 微卫星分子标记 遗传距离 杂种优势 小麦 杂种优势群 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]