江汉平原农田生态系统B素循环及平衡分析  

Balance of Boron in Farmland Ecosystem in Calcareous Alluvial Soil of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province

作　　者：林匡飞[1] 徐小清[1] 项雅玲[2] 韩纯儒[3] 吴文良[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所 [2]农业部环境质检中心,武汉430070 [3]中国农业大学资源环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第4期520-527,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：EU( STD TS3CT92 0 0 6 5 ) ;FAO( TCP/CPR6 6 1 1)

摘　　要：以江汉平原农田生态系统为研究对象 ,通过对当地农户小麦 -稻、稻 -稻、油菜 -大豆、油菜 -花生、小麦 -芝麻、小麦 -棉花、青椒 -大白菜、萝卜 -茄子 8种种植模式农田 B素的输入、输出和平衡研究。结果表明 ,B素的输出主要是作物收获 ,占 B素总输出量的 4 4.8%～ 6 4 .7% ;其次是淋溶损失占 2 5 %～ 4 1 .4 % ,B素流失占总输出量的 9.2 %～ 1 7.4 %。B素的主要输入途径是施有机肥和 B肥 ,此外 ,降雨也是 B素输入的主要途径 ,该区域各种类型农田生态系统 B素输入途径大小顺序为菜田 :有机肥 >降雨 >灌溉 >自然归还 >无机肥 >种子 (种苗 ) ;水田和旱地 :降雨 >有机肥 >灌溉 >自然归还 >无机肥 >种子 (种苗 )。对 B素平衡研究表明 ,该区 2种菜田由于有机肥投入较大 ,普遍盈余 ,而 2种稻田由于施用有机肥和秸杆还田归还许多 B素 ,B素亦基本平衡。而 4种旱地有 1种种植模式由于有 B肥和有机肥的投入 ,B素盈余较多 ,而另 3种农田由于施化肥而不施有机肥和 B肥 ,B素出现不同程度的亏缺。There is certain threshold value of boron for a plant, below which a deficiency symptom will develop, and above which toxicity symptoms appear. A special attention is paid to boron among the essential mineral nutrients because the range between deficiency and excess is narrow. The proper boron input is closely related to the long-term stability of agro-ecosystems. From this perspective, the study on the input, output, cycling and balance of boron plays an important role in determining and optimizing the proper amount of boron fertilizers to be applied to various crops and in different cropping patterns. The aim of the experiments reported in the paper was to analyse boron content of rainfall, irrigation water, various fertilizers and crops in agro-ecosystems of the Jianghan plain, Hubei Province, and was to estimate the balance of boron in systems. In order to search for the balance of boron, the major eight cropping systems were established from April 1997 to May 1999. The major typical eight types of cropping systems were as follows: (i) wheat-rice rotation, (ii) rice-rice rotation, (iii)rapeseed-soybean rotation, (iv)rapeseed-peanut rotation, (v) wheat-sesame rotation, (vi) wheat-cotton rotation, (vii)pepper-cabbage rotation, (viii) radish-eggplant rotation. Soil and plant samples were collected from eight testing plots. In each plot, 6 soil samples, and 6 samples of each of five different parts of the cropped plant (roots, stem, leaves, seeds and fruits) were collected and analyzed separately. Rain-fall was collected twice every two weeks. Runoff and leaching water was collected four times a month. Boron analyses were preformed according to analytical standards, using the Goldman curcumin colorimetric methods for boron in plant and soil, ICP method for low content of boron in water. Results of chemical analysis showed that boron contents of water ranged 11.2 to 52.1 μg·L -1 , average 31.4μg·L -1 . Boron contents of organic fertilizers (manure 95.1mg·kg -1 , compost 104mg·kg -1

关 键 词：江汉平原 农田生态系统 B素循环 平衡分析 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]