海南琼北地区不同植被类型物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系  

The Relationship Between Biodiversity and Soil Fertility Chara-cteristics on Abandoned Fields in the Tropical Region of Southern China

作　　者：杨小波[1] 张桃林[2] 吴庆书[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海口570228 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第2期190-196,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 4 96 31 0 1 0 ) ;教育部高等院校骨干教师资助项目

摘　　要：研究海南岛琼北弃荒坡耕地不同植被类型植物多样性与土壤肥力演变的相互关系的结果表明 ,不同植被类型的 α-多样性指数的增加和土壤肥力 (有机质含量和氮含量 )的增加正相关明显 ,β-多样性指数在草本植物群落与灌丛的过渡区变化较强烈 ,而土壤有机质含量变化较大的地方则是在疏灌丛与密灌丛之间 ,表现出在植被恢复的同时 ,土壤有机质含量也会有所增加 ,但后者一般稍滞后一段时间。在对土壤肥力与植被性状的关系进行多元回归分析后发现 ,土壤有机质含量主要与演替后期植物种类的发展有关 ;而土壤全氮则与群落覆盖度、木本植物种数和演替后期植物种数等多个因素有关 ;全磷稍与物种多样性有关。土壤全钾和 p H值的变化比较复杂 ,与植物组成性状的关系没有选择项。Hainan Island is the biggest tropical region in the South of China.In the island,soil erosion and degradation are important ecological problems related to the increase of population and land use in the last 30 years.In order to evaluate the fertility of soil and set up the model for recovering the forest vegetation,a study was carried out on old-fields abandoned 2 to 20 years ago,near the Haikou city(20°02′N,110°15′E,altitude 30~40 m a.s.l) The area belongs to the wet tropical monsoon region.Mean annual rainfall is 1650 mm,and mean annual temperature is 23^6℃.The relationship between different vegetation features and soil fertility has been investigated.The vegetation data include community coverage,number of plant species,number of woody species,number of late successional species and index of plant-diversity.The data on soil include content of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphate and potassium.;The lowland tropical rainforests were disappeared in the area because of human impact,however some tropical rainforest tree are still growing in the abandoned fields,such as Schefflera octophylla,Ilex shimeica,Actinodaphne pilosa,Radermachera hainanensis and Pithecellobium lucidum.;The the following secondary vegetation types were defined by vegetation analysis:(1) Association.Fimbristylis tristachya,Kyllinga brevifolia. (2) Association.Miscathus sinensis,Imperata cylindrical.(3) Association.Eupatorium odoratum(grassland). (4a) Association.Casearia glomerata,Psychotria rubra.(4b) Association.Lannea coromandelica,Streblus asper. (5) Association.Rhodomyryus tomentosa,Aporusa dioica.(6) Association.Cratoxylon conchinchinense,Rapanea linearis(shrub forest) (7) Association.Lannea coromandelica,Litsea glutinosa,Cratoxylon conchinchinense(Woodland forest).At present the shrub formations are the main vegetation types on these old-fields.The process of the secondary succession can be summarized into 4 stages:lower grassland,high grassland,shrubland and woodland.;Based on the investigation,503 vascular plant species have been

关 键 词：海南 琼北地区 植被类型 物种多样性 土壤肥力 弃荒坡耕地 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]