北京松山四种大型土壤动物群落组成和结构  

The Composition and Structure of the Four Soil Macrofaunas in Songshan Mountain in Beijing

作　　者：傅必谦[1] 陈卫[1] 董晓晖[1] 邢忠民[1] 高武[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生物系,北京100037

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第2期215-223,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市科学技术委员会资助项目

摘　　要：对北京松山 4种生态系统中大型土壤动物群落的组成、垂直结构、多样性及相似性进行了比较研究。全部调查共获大型土壤动物 4门 8纲 2 3目 6 5科 ,其中以蚁科、隐翅甲科、地蜈蚣科、长头地蜈蚣科、石蜈蚣科和正蚓科最为重要。 4个土壤动物群落中 ,类群数和个体数的变化趋势均为 :山顶草甸群落 ( D) >落叶阔叶林群落 ( C) >人工油松林群落 ( A) >天然油松林群落 ( B) ,这一数量差异突出表现在群落 D中各个土层的高丰富性以及群落 B表层的贫乏和 层土壤动物的急剧减少。不同群落中狭布类群的多寡也存在明显差异 ,群落 B远较其他群落为少。 4个群落的 Shannon-Weiner多样性指数 ( H′)的相对大小为 :群落 C >群落 D >群落 B >群落 A,与群落均匀度的变化显著相关 ( p <0 .0 5 )而与丰富度关系不密切。Jaccard系数、Gower系数和 Piankaα指数的分析结果表明 ,4个群落的组成具有很高的异质性 ;其中群落 A与群落 B的相似性最高 ,群落 A与群落 D的相似性最低。进一步比较了包括松山在内的国内不同温度带 1 1个山地林区大型土壤动物群落的组成特征 ,对大型土壤动物群落组成的纬向变化趋势进行了初步分析。最后 ,在对土壤动物群落的特征以及 H′指数和廖崇惠等的 DG指数进行分析讨论的基础上 ,提出了一个新的群落?Based upon the investigation of the four ecosystems of Songshan Mountain in Beijing, a comparative study was conducted on the composition, vertical structure, and community diversity of the soil macrofaunas. A new analytical method was proposed in comparing the community diversity of different soil faunas. ;The explored four ecosystems were the artificial Chinese pine (%Pinus tabulaeformis)% forest, the natural Chinese pine forest, the deciduous broad-leaved forest and the mountain-top meadow. Two sampling sites of which each was with three soil layers (Ⅰ: 0~5cm; Ⅱ: 5~10cm; Ⅲ:10~15cm) were established in each ecosystem. Soil animals were collected from these sites, and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and pH values of the soil were also measured.;Abundant taxa of macro soil animals were found in these sites, which belong to 65 families, 23 orders, 8 classes and 4 phyla. Among these, Formicidae, Staphylinidae, Geophilidae, Mecistocephalidae, Lithobiidae and Lumbricidae were the dominant groups. They were not only abundant accounting for 20.62%, 11.56%, 7.13%, 6.74%, 6.74% and 5.20% of the total collected individual numbers respectively, but also were widespread existing in all the four ecosystems except the Lumbricidae, which was only found in three ecosystems. ;Both group numbers and individual numbers in the four macrofaunas varied in the amount in the order of mountain-top meadow fauna (D), deciduous forest fauna (C), artificial Chinese pine forest fauna (A) and natural Chinese pine forest fauna (B). In every fauna, groups and individuals in layerⅠwere much richer than those in layerⅡand layer Ⅲ. However, the numbers of groups and individuals in different soil layers and the tendency of declination with the soil depth were obviously different. Of the faunas, fauna D was the richest of all three soil layers; while fauna B was the poorest in both layerⅠand layerⅡ. And a remarkable decrease from layerⅠto layer Ⅱ for fauna B was noted. Apart from that, the numbers of groups found

关 键 词：大型 土壤动物群落 群落结构 群落复杂性指数 北京松山 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]