胶州湾栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study on massive death of the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri in the Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：王秀华[1] 王崇明[1] 李筠[2] 王祥红[2] 郑桂丽[2] 胡晓钟[3] 龚俊[3] 宋微波[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产学报》2002年第2期149-156,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"973"课题资助项目 (G19990 12 0 0 1)

摘　　要：2 0 0 0年 1月 - 12月 ,跟踪调查了胶州湾养殖栉孔扇贝大规模死亡情况 ,对养殖海域环境因子进行了测定 ,并对大规模死亡期间发病栉孔扇贝进行了病理学观察。调查结果显示 ,胶州湾养殖栉孔扇贝大规模死亡呈暴发性并集中在 7月下旬的高水温期。发病高峰期在 7月 2 1日至 7月 2 7日 ,最高时点患病率达 14 .5 % ,7月份的月死亡率为 5 8.0 %。至 8月 3日累积死亡率达 90 .0 % ,患病贝死亡率接近 10 0 %。发病期扇贝壳高平均为 5 .0± 0 .9cm。,养殖栉孔扇贝半数死亡时间在 7月 2 3日。通过对水环境因子、病原性生物因子的调查分析及病理学观察表明 ,栉孔扇贝的大规模死亡可能是由生物性因子 (病毒 )所致 。A survey on the massive death of cultured scallop, Chlamys farreri was carried out in Jiaozhou Bay in 2000. The environmental factors including salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, COD, and NH 4 + N were investigated, also the pathology of diseased scallop sampled in the period of massive death was studied. The disease first occurred on 6 July and reached its peak stage from 21 to 27 July, then subsided in the early August. The results showed that the cumulative mortality of cultured scallop reached 90.0% on 3 August and the monthly highest mortality which normally appeared in July was 58.0%. The highest daily prevalence which occurred on 24 July was 14.5%. Indoor experiments proved that the diseased scallops died completely within 2 to 3 days. The shell height of scallop averaged 5.0 ± 0.9 cm in the period of massive death. Half of the cultured scallop died on 23 July. The results of investigating and analyzing of the environmental factors, causes of disease and observation of pathology showed that the massive death of scallop was possibly caused by a certain factor of organism such as virus, whereas it has no direct relations with environmental factors.

关 键 词：栉孔扇贝 流行病学 胶州湾 死亡率 病理学 高水温期 水环境 病原性 生物因子 

分 类 号：S944.4[农业科学—水产养殖]