中国栽培稻同工酶的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity of Isozymes of Cultivated Rice in China

作　　者：汤圣祥[1] 江云珠[1] 魏兴华[1] 李自超[2] 余汉勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州310006 [2]中国农业大学,北京100094

出　　处：《作物学报》2002年第2期203-207,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"水稻核心种质构建项目 (G19980 10 2 0 1)。

摘　　要：应用淀粉凝胶电泳法 ,分析了具有代表性的 4 4 0 8份中国栽培稻种质资源的 12个同工酶基因位点的等位基因酶谱 (Pgi1,Pgi2 ,Amp1,Amp2 ,Amp3,Amp4 ,Sdh1,Adh1,Est1,Est2 ,Est5和 Est9)。结果指出 ,被测的中国栽培稻含有 5 2个同工酶等位基因 ,占亚洲栽培稻已鉴定出的 5 4个等位基因的 96 .3% ,其等位基因频率变幅为 0 .0 0 1～ 0 .994 ,基因多样性指数 (H a)为 0 .0 12～ 0 .5 4 7。平均基因多样性指数 (H t) ,同工酶遗传型多样性指数 (H p)和平均多态性指数(DP)分别为 0 .2 4 8,3.84 5和 17.7%。基因频率低于 0 .0 5的等位基因共 31个 ,占 5 9.6 % ;基因频率在 0 .91～ 0 .95的等位基因 5个 (Amp1- 2 ,Amp3- 1,Adh1- 1,Est1- 1和 Est9- 2 ) ,占 9.6 ;基因频率高于 0 .95的等位基因 2个 (Amp4 - 1和Est5 - 1) ,占 3.8。研究发现 ,Pgi1- 5等位基因仅存在于中国栽培稻中。我国六大稻区中 ,以西南稻区的同工酶平均基因多样性指数为最高 (0 .2 6 6 ) ,其次为华中和华南稻区。华中稻区的同工酶平均等位基因数最高 (3.75 ) ,其次为西南稻区。Isozyme variation pattern of cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in China was investigated using 4408 cultivars based on 12 isozyme loci, Pgi1, Pgi2, Amp1, Amp2, Amp3, Amp4, Sdh1, Adh1, Est1, Est2, Est5 and Est9 by the method of gel electrophoresis in system I. The analysis showed there existed 52 alleles in the tested materials, which covered 96.3% of total 54 alleles found in Oryza sativa L.in the world by the system I method. Allele frequencies were ranged from 0.012 to 0.547. The gene diversity indexes ( Ha ) varied from 0.012 for Amp4 to 0.547 for Est2 . The average gene diversity index ( Ht ), genotype diversity ( Hp ) and degree of polymorphism (DP) were 0.248, 3.845 and 17.7% respectively. Of 52 alleles observed, 31 had gene frequencies less than 0.05; 5 in 0.91～0.95( Amp1 2, Amp3 1, Adh1 1, Est1 1 and Est 9 2); and 2 (Amp4 1 and Est5 1)higher than 0.95. It was found allele Pgi1 5 being only identified from Chinese rice cultivars. In the six rice regions in China, the cultivars in the Southwest region had the highest average gene diversity (Ht =0.266), followed by that in the South and Central ones. On the other hand, the cultivars in the Central region showed the highest average allele number (3.75), followed by that in the Southwest one. The results revealed Chinese cultivated rice had great genetic diversity as indicated by the isozyme alleles.

关 键 词：栽培稻 同工酶分析 遗传多样性 中国 淀粉凝胶电泳法 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]