圈养马麝夏秋冬活动格局的比较  

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ACTIVE PATTERNS DURING SUMMER,AUTUMN AND WINTER SEASONS IN CAPTIVE ALPINE MUSK DEER

作　　者：孟秀祥[1] 杨奇森[1] 冯祚建[1] 夏霖[1] 王培民 蒋应文 白正清 李国林 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区,甘肃榆中730117

出　　处：《兽类学报》2002年第2期87-97,共11页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No 39870 1 37);中国科学院"九五"重大项目 (KZ95 1 -A1 -1 0 5 )

摘　　要：20 0 0年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 1月间 ,在甘肃兴隆山保护区麝场对 46只圈养马麝进行扫描取样观察 ,记录其站立及运动、摄食、反刍和静卧 4种行为 ,并对各行为的发生率进行了统计分析。结果表明 :圈养马麝的活动有昼夜节律和季节变化 ,夏季活动型属于晨昏型偏夜型 ,秋季偏向昼夜型 ,冬季也属昼夜型但趋于白昼活动 ;除季节间分布不一的晨昏活动高峰期外 ,3个季节均有相对恒定的午夜 (2 2 :0 0～ 0 1 :3 0 )活动高峰 ;This preliminary studies on active patterns of captive alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) was conducted between June 2000 and January 2001 at Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province of China. The sampling population was 46, some of which were captured from wild at different stages, and some were born by captured deer. Four behaviors such as standing and locomotion (SL), feeding (FE), ruminating (RU) and bedding (BE) were observed with the method of scanning sampling at intervals of 30 minutes. The scan observing was conducted with the binoculars of 10×50°. The data of the behavioral emergency ratio was sorted by three seasons (summer, autumn, winter) and two periods (day time, night). The test of Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney were used to analyze data. Our work showed that the daily active peaks of musk deer occurred in different patterns. There were different active peaks among seasons: dawn, dusk and midnight in summer; noon,dusk and midnight in autumn; noon?midnight in winter, and the midnight active peak was in common. In general, the musk deer was more active in darkness than in daytime in all three seasons, consequently, the active of alpine musk deer should belong to crepuscular pattern biased to be more active in night. In one season, there was significant difference between daytime and nighttime, which was resulted from environmental temperatures. In conclusion, the seasonal active pattern of the captive alpine musk deer is an evolution stable strategy (ESS) to the environmental temperature.

关 键 词：圈养马麝 活动格局 季节 行为生态 

分 类 号：Q959.842[生物学—动物学] Q958.12