^(15)N标记水稻控释氮肥对提高氮素利用效率的研究  

Study on^(15)N Labeled Rice Controlled Release Fertilizerin Increasing Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

作　　者：刘德林[1] 聂军[2] 肖剑[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省原子能农业应用研究所,中国湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,中国湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2002年第2期87-92,共6页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：湖南省九五重大科技攻关项目 (99NKY10 0 4 0 7)

摘　　要：本文应用1 5N示踪技术研究了水稻对控释氮肥和尿素氮吸收利用效率的影响以及氮的去向。结果表明 ,施肥后 11天内 ,水稻控释氮肥和尿素的NH3 挥发损失分别占施入氮量的 0 .6 9%和 1.81%。NH3 的挥发损失在施肥后第 5天时达到最大值 ,此后逐渐降低。水稻控释氮肥和尿素氮的淋溶损失分别占施入氮量的 0 .95 %和 1.0 2 %。水稻控释氮肥氮的淋溶损失在水稻整个生长期间均比较平缓 ,施肥后 40天时略有上升 ,此后又缓慢降低。用氮素平衡帐中的亏缺量扣除氨的损失量后计为硝化—反硝化损失量的结果表明 ,水稻控释氮肥氮的硝化—反硝化损失量占施入氮量的 3.46 %,而尿素氮的硝化—反硝化损失量却高达 37.75 %。肥料氮在土壤中的残留主要集中在 0～ 35cm的土层中 ,达 91.4— 91.5 %,残留在 35cm以下土层中的氮甚微。水稻控释氮肥残留在土壤中的氮量略高于尿素处理。水稻控释氮肥利用率高达 73.8%,比尿素高出 34 .9%。水稻控释氮肥氮利用率高的原因是因氮从颗粒中缓慢释放、受淋溶、氨挥发、尤其受硝化—反硝化途径损失的氮较少。在施等氮量的条件下 ,施用水稻控释氮肥的稻谷产量比尿素的增产 2 5 .5 %,达到p =0 .0 5的显著水平。This paper deals with effect of rice controlled release fertilizer and urea on nitrogen efficiency utilized by rice plant and fate of nitrogen by using 15 N trace technique.Results showed that NH 3 volatilization losses of urea and rice controlled release nitrogen fertilizer in 11 days of fertilizer application occurred 1.81% and 0.69% of applied N,respectively. The amount of NH 3 volatilization loss reached a maximum value in the five days of nitrogen application,after this,was decreased gradually. Leaching losses of nitrogen from urea and rice controlled release fertilizer occurred 1.02% and 0.95% of applied N,respectively. The leaching loss of N from rice controlled release fertilizer changed smoothly during the whole growth period of rice plant,and only increased a little until 40 days after fertilizer application,hereafter,was decreased slowly again. Nitrification-denitrification loss of rice controlled release fertilizer was 3.46%,but that of urea was as high as 37.75%. Residual fertilizer nitrogen in soil was remained in the soil layer of 0-35cm depth and reached 91.4%-91.5%. There was trace amount residual nitrogen under the soillayer of 35cm depth. The total residual nitrogen of rice controlled release fertilizer was slightly more than that of urea. Nitrogen recovery of rice controlled release fertilizer treatment was 73.8% and was higher 34.9% than that of urea. The high N recovery of rice controlled release nitrogen fertilizer may be explained by more following reasons:(1)nitrogen release in its granulated fertilizer was controlled;(2) there was lower leaching nitrogen and lower NH 3 volatilization,especially smaller nitrification-denitrification loss. In condition of equal amount of nitrogen applied,rice grain yield in controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatment was increased by 25.5% than in urea treatment and which was the significance level in p= 0.05.

关 键 词：^15N标记 水稻控释氮肥 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]