盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响  

EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH OF FOUR TREE SPECIES SEEDLINGS

作　　者：张川红[1] 沈应柏[2] 尹伟伦[2] 潘青华[3] 赵毓桂[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]北京林业大学生物学院,北京100083 [3]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《林业科学》2002年第2期27-31,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局重点林业科研项目"北方主要造林树种抗旱抗盐能力的定量评价研究"的部分工作

摘　　要：本文研究了盐胁迫对国槐、绒毛白蜡、核桃和中林 4 6杨四种苗木生长及光合作用的影响。结果表明 :杨树的死亡率最高 ,核桃次之 ,绒毛白蜡再次之 ,国槐没有死亡植株。杨树、核桃、绒毛白蜡和国槐的生物量、单株总叶面积受盐胁迫后都明显下降。根据盐胁迫后试验树种光合作用的变化规律不同 ,将它们分为三种类型。核桃和中林 4 6杨为下降型 ,即苗木受盐胁迫后短期内净光合速率便发生明显地下降 ,且高盐时光合速率下降多。绒毛白蜡为中间型 ,它受盐胁迫后净光合速率也发生下降 ,但下降幅度小 ,并且能忍受一定时间和一定盐浓度的胁迫。第三种类型为上升型 ,国槐受盐胁迫后净光合速率上升 ,并且在一定时间和一定盐浓度的胁迫条件下能维持其净光合速率不低于对照。盐胁迫条件下 ,单叶净光合速率和单株总叶面积的下降是杨树生长下降的主要原因 ,而影响核桃和绒毛白蜡生长的主要原因是单株总叶面积的下降 ,对于国槐 。Net photosynthetic rate( P N) and growth of seedlings in poplar, walnut, velvet ash and pagoda tree, which were cultured in moist vermiculite with a range of NaCl concentration from zero to 200?mmol/L in glasshouse, were determined. In contrast to that of pagoda tree, the survival percent of poplar ′Zhonglin 46′ was the least. The survival percent of walnut was more than that of velvet ash. Dry weight and leaf total area decreased to different degree after salt treatment. It was obvious that P N of the four tree species different responded to salinity and the responses could be categorized into three kinds. Poplar ′Zhonglin 46′ and walnut were included in the first one, P N of which much decreased immediately on the commencement of salt treatment and decreased more at higher salinity. P N of velvet ash decreased less than the above two after salt treatment and it could tolerant salt stress about 100?mmol·L -1 NaCl concentration for at least 14 days. While P N of pagoda tree increased after salt treatment and it could keep its P N not less than that of its control at not more than 200?mmol·L -1 NaCl concentration for at least 24 days. For poplar ′Zhonglin 46′, P N and leaf total area affected its growth of seedlings under salt stress. For walnut and velvet ash, only the leaf total area was the main reason for the decline of their growth. While P N and leaf total area could not elucidate the decreased growth of pagoda tree under salt stress.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 苗木 生长 光合作用 国槐 绒毛白蜡 核桃 中林46杨 

分 类 号：S728.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S723.3[农业科学—林学]