芍药野生与栽培群体的遗传变异研究  

A STUDY ON GENETIC VARIATION BETWEEN WILD AND CULTIVATED POPULATIONS OF PAEONIA LACTIFLORA PALL.

作　　者：周红涛[1] 胡世林[1] 郭宝林[2] 冯学锋[1] 阎玉凝[2] 李家实[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医研究院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京100029

出　　处：《药学学报》2002年第5期383-388,共6页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助课题 (3 973 0 5 0 0 )

摘　　要：目的　探讨芍药 (PaeonialactifloraPall.)的野生群体和栽培群体之间的遗传分化与中药材赤芍和白芍道地性形成的关系。方法　应用RAPD技术 ,使用 2 1条随机引物对来自 11个产地的 4 3株有代表性的芍药样品进行PCR扩增。结果　 (1)芍药在物种水平上的多态位点比率为 85 2 6 % ,基因多样度为 0 16 6 ;其中野生群体 (77 6 1% )高于药用栽培群体 (5 4 96 % )及观赏栽培群体 (6 1 76 % ) ;(2 )芍药群体间的遗传变异占总变异的 2 9 5 0 % ,基因分化系数为 0 2 5 4 ;野生与药用群体之间遗传距离最远 (0 36 32 ) ,药用与观赏群体之间遗传距离最近 (0 0 973) ,群体间遗传分化显著 (P <0 0 0 1) ;(3)从聚类图看 ,芍药种内大致分为野生与栽培两大类群。在野生群体中来自多伦的芍药单独聚为一类 ;在药用栽培群体中产于安徽亳州的与产于浙江磐安、缙云的芍药各聚为一类。结论　首次揭示了芍药种群的遗传分化 ,在分子水平上为赤芍和白芍道地性的形成找到依据。鉴于多伦产芍药 (赤芍道地药材的主要来源 )的种质资源面临灭绝的危险 ,建议列为濒危种质加以保护。AIM To discuss the genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated populations o f Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and to find the reason for forming the genuinene ss of Radix Paeoniae rubra (Chishao) and Radix Paeoniae alba (Baishao). METHODS Forty three representative samples of P.lactiflora from 11 localities we re analyzed by RAPD method with 21 random primers. According to RAPD results, th e genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of P.lactiflora were det ected by the percentage of polymorphic sites (PPB), the coefficient of gene diff erentiation (G ST ) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). RESULTS (1) At species level, the PPB of P.lactiflora was 85 26%, the Nei's gene diversity (H t) was 0 166. The PPB in wild population (WP) was 77 61%, which was more than that (54 96%) in cultivated population for medicine (MP), a nd that (61 76%) in cultivated population for ornament (OP). (2) AMOVA showed that 29 50% of the genetic diversity resulted from differentia tion among populations. Pairwise Phist distance (0 3632) between WP and MP was furthest, while that (0 0973) between MP and OP was closest, indicating populat ion differentiation was significant ( P <0 001). (3) In general, cluster analysis revealed that the samples of P.lactiflora were divided in wild and cultivated groups (except for 39). In WP, individual s of Duolun were separated from those of other localities. In MP, the clusters o f samples corresponded well with their own habitats. CONCLUSION In addition to environmental factor, genetic differentiation should be the main cause for the genuineness of “Chishao” and “Baishao”. Because of over colle ction and worse habitat, P.lactiflora in Duolun, whose root is the famou s Chinese Geo herbal “Duolun Chishao”, is progresively rare. So, it s hould become the endangered germplasm resource to protect.

关 键 词：芍药 RAPD 赤芍 白芍 栽培群体 遗传变异 中药 

分 类 号：R282.710.2[医药卫生—中药学]