江苏自然湿地的生物多样性特点  

Biodiversity of the Natural Wetlands in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：王云静[1] 刘茂松[1] 徐惠强[2] 安树青[1] 李瑾[1] 管永健[1] 陈青芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093 [2]江苏省农林厅林业局,南京210013

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2002年第2期173-181,共9页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目;世界自然基金会湿地项目

摘　　要：江苏自然湿地总面积为 9.97× 10 5hm2 .湿地景观可分为海岸带湿地景观、洲滩湿地景观、湖泊湿地景观、沼泽湿地景观和河流湿地景观 ,面积分别为 3.0 5× 10 5hm2 、4 .6× 10 4 hm2 、4 .2 1× 10 5hm2 、6 .8× 10 4 hm2 和 1.5 7× 10 5hm2 .江苏自然湿地生态系统可分为盐土生态系统、沼泽生态系统、水生生态系统和沙丘湿地生态系统 .湿地内物种丰富 ,高等植物有 4 84种 ,海岸带湿地已记载的鸟类有 2 4 1种 ,湖泊鱼类有 12 1种 (亚种 ) ;其中有 2种国家级珍稀濒危植物 ,31种国家重点保护野生脊椎动物 .江苏自然湿地生物多样性面临着人为干扰、海岸侵蚀、海平面上升、自然灾害加剧等问题 ,为此提出加强管理 ,建立湿地生物多样性生态模型 ,建立湿地生物多样性信息系统的建议 。The total area of the natural wetlands of Jiangsu Province is 9.97×10 5?hm 2. According to spatial heterogeneity, the wetland landscape can be classified as coastal wetland landscape, deltaic wetland landscape, lacustrine wetland landscape, marsh landscape and riverine wetland landscape. The area of the five kinds of landscape is, respectively, 3.05×10 5?hm 2, 4.6×10 4?hm 2, 4.21×10 4?hm 2, 6.8×10 4?hm 2 and 1.57×10 5?hm 2. Coastal wetland landscape includes silty coastal landscape and rock-ribbed coastal landscapes. Deltaic landscape includes debouch deltaic landscape and other deltaic landscape. Each landscape has gradient changes in matrix and accordingly in vegetation. The wetland ecosystem can be classified as solontshak ecosystem, marsh ecosystem, aquatic ecosystem and dune ecosystem. Marsh ecosystem includes brine marsh ecosystem, brackish marsh ecosystem and freshwater marsh ecosystem. Aquatic ecosystem includes brine aquatic ecosystem, brine-freshwater aquatic ecosystem and freshwater aquatic ecosystem. Each ecosystem has its special producers, consumers and decomposers. These composers work together and keep the balance of the ecosystem. There are many species in the natural wetlands of Jiangsu Province. Four hundred and eighty four species of higher plants grow there. Two hundred and forty one species of birds have been observed in the coastal wetland. There are 121 species of fish in the lacustrine wetland. Among these species there are 2 kinds of national rare and endangered plants and 31 kinds of key national protected vertebrate wildlives. This paper points out 4 problems in the protection and wide use of the natural wetlands of Jiangsu Province. The problems are human disturbance, erosion of seashore, rise of sea level and enhancement of natural disaster. At the same time, this paper brings forward 3 proposals in order to protect and sustain the biodiversity of the natural wetlands of Jiangsu Province: (1) enhancing the management and achieving sustainable development, (2) establ

关 键 词：江苏 自然湿地 生物多样性 景观多样性 生态系统多样性 珍稀濒危物种 多样性保护 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] P941.78[天文地球—自然地理学]