上海市新生儿出生状况和患病率及影响因素的分析  

TYPES OF NEWBORN, PREVALENCE OF ILLNESSES AMONG NEWBORN AND ITS DETER MINANTS AT SHANGHAI

作　　者：郭友宁[1] 陈超[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市计划生育科学研究所,200032 [2]复旦大学附属儿科医院

出　　处：《新生儿科杂志》2002年第2期71-75,共5页The Journal of Neonatology

基　　金：世界卫生组织人类生殖处社会心理学专题组资助

摘　　要：目的 :了解 90年代初上海市不同类型新生儿的发生率 ,新生儿期主要疾病的患病率及影响因素。对 80年代末该市两社区初婚夫妇婚后 6年内生育及小儿健康状况的随访。结果 :上海市早产及过期产率各为 6 82 %及 1 10 %。足月小样儿、低体重及巨大儿率各为 2 0 0 %、3 4 5 %及 5 6 5 %。出生缺陷、新生儿窒息及黄疸为三类新生儿的主要疾病 (患病率各为 15 4 6‰、10 31‰及 10 0 3‰ )。多因素分析显示除外孕早期母亲病毒感染外、非首胎即活产的小儿患出生缺陷的机会亦明显增多(OR =2 5 2 ,95 %可信限 (CI)为 1 4 4～ 4 4 0 )。非母乳喂养及其母于孕期有先兆流产迹象者患新生儿疾病的机会也增加 (OR分别为 4 91及 3 16 ,95 %CI为 1 80～ 13 4 2及 1 6 4～ 6 10。上海市 90年代初期低体重儿及足月小样儿的发生率处于全国较低水平。对新生儿疾病及出生缺陷的预防除继续做好对孕早期病毒感染的控制及提倡母乳喂养外 ,提高夫妇体质防止先兆流产。To know the types of newborn, prevalence of illnesses among newborn and its determinants, follow up study with a cohort of couples who married during 1year defined in the late 1980 decade was adopted up to 6th year after their wedding. The information with their babies illnesses since they were born was collected at the last time visting. Results The rates of premature and post term delivery were 6 82% and 1 10, respectively. It was 2 00%, 3 45% and 5 65% for infants with term low birth weight, low birth weight and the giant, respectively. Congenital defects, asphyxia and perinatal jaundice were the main three disorders for newborn, the prevalence being 15 46‰, 10 31‰ and 10 03‰, respectively. Cox model analysis revealed that besides the virus infectious history, non first live birth babies have also a higher chance in suffering form some congenital defects(OR=2 52, 95% CI 1 44～4 40). While besides non breast feeding, babies whose mother with the sign ofpre aborting had also a higher risk in suffering from some nenoatal illnesses. Therefore, the rate for low birth weight as well as the term low birth weight was both lower for infants born in the early 1990 decade at Shanghai. It is necessary to make every effort to prevent women from catching virus infection as well as to avoid the sign of pre abortion, fetal loss and in good health while being conceiving in order to reduce the odds of congenital defects and neonatal illness.

关 键 词：新生儿 患病率 出生队列研究 胎次 母乳喂养 

分 类 号：R195.1[医药卫生—卫生统计学]