草炭保水机制的初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on the Water-conserving Mechanism by Peat Treatment

作　　者：唐立松[1] 王周琼[2] 张佳宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤所,南京000000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2002年第2期47-51,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院重大国际合作特别支持项目"草炭绿化荒漠"课题资助

摘　　要：灌溉是干旱区农业存在与发展的必要条件。如何提高灌溉水的利用率 ,及如何保持土壤中的水分以保障作物需求 ,是本区农业研究的重要问题。通过测定并分析不同草炭处理土壤的表层 (30cm)含水量、物理性质及作物产量 ,本文探讨了草炭处理土壤的水分动态变化及草炭的保水机制。观测数据显示 ,与对照组相比 ,在观测期间 ,2 %加拿大草炭处理土壤含水量提高 3.96 % ;2 %石河子草炭处理土壤含水量提高 3.4 3%。进一步的研究表明 ,草炭对土壤水分的保持机制 ,不仅是因为其所具有的巨大持水能力 ,对土壤物理性质的改善 ,也是其保水机制之一。由于大空隙的增加 ,切断了毛管水的上升 ,从而降低了土壤表面的水分蒸发 ,在下层土壤中保持了更多的水分。Irrigation is an essential condition for the existence and development of agriculture in the arid areas. It is an important research subject for agriculture in the arid areas to increase the utilization ratio of irrigation water and to conserve soil moisture so as to ensure the requirement of moisture for the growth of crops. This paper discusses the dynamical change of the soils by peat treatment and the water-conserving mechanism of the peat by measuring and analyzing the moisture contents and the physical properties of the surface soil (30 cm in depth) which is fertilized by peat as well as the yield of crops. The observed data show that the moisture contents of the soils by Canadian peat of 2% and by Shihezi peat of 2% are increased for 3.96 and 3.43% respectively compared with that of the contrast soil during the observation period. The further research shows that the water-conserving mechanism of peat reflects not only on its great water bearing capability but also on the improvement of the physical properties of soils. The moisture evaporation of the surface soil is reduced and more moisture is stored in the lower soil layer because of the increase of the large soil pores and of cutting off the raise of capillary water.

关 键 词：干旱区 土壤水分 草炭 保水机制 

分 类 号：S152.71[农业科学—土壤学]